一年级下期末复习计划

关键词：会数数和数复习计划掌握

一年级下期末复习计划（精选6篇）

篇1：一年级下期末复习计划

北师大版数学一年级下期末复习计划

一、复习的主要内容

数和数的运算：

1、认识记数单位“一”和“十”，初步理解个位、十位上的数表示的意义，会数、读、写100以内的数，掌握100以内数的组成，掌握100以内数的顺序，会比较数的大小，并能结合实际进行简单的估计和交流。

2、能正确地计算100以内两位数加、减一位数和整十数，会用加减法解决简单的生活实际问题。

空间和图形：

1、用上、下、前、后、左、右描述物体的相对位置。

能用自己的语言描述长方形、正方形边的特征，初步感知所学的图形之间的关系。

实践与综合应用

1、认识元、角、分，了解它们之间的关系，会用钱款实际购物并进行简单的计算。

2、会读、写几时几分，知道1时=60分，知道珍惜时间。

3、会探索给定图形或数的排列中的简单规律，初步形成发现和欣赏数学美的意识。

统计与概率：

1、认识条形统计图（一格表示1个单位）和统计表，经历数据的收集和整理过程，会用统计图中的数据解决一些简单的问题。

二、采取的措施

1、了解学生，统一思想，和学生一起制定出复习计划。激发学生爱科学、学科学的兴趣。

2、教给学生复习基础知识的方法，让学生会学习，即不仅要让学生掌握系统的知识，更要以这些基础知识为凭借，有举一反三的能力。

3、复习要突出方法的指导。不同的学生不同对待，多指导后进生，让他们转化为B优生。

4、复习方法要灵活，要求学生也要学活。后进生，我们则应更多地“开小灶”，对本学期的知识给予补习与复习，扎实基础。

四、复习安排：

1、100以内的数：1课时

2、认识人民币：1课时

3、认识时间：1课时

4、位置：1课时

5、统计：1课时

6、综合试卷：10课时

篇2：一年级下期末复习计划

一、学情分析

经过这一学期的初中物理的学习，学生初步感受到了电的奥妙无穷，同时第一次系统认识电的应用对于人类生活便捷、科技、社会的进步的重大意义，对于“物理是有用的”有了深切的体会，学习物理、热爱科学在学生心田中潜滋暗长。

本册教学内容可分为四个部分：电压、欧姆定律、电功率、热、磁。重点在电功率和磁，难点也在电功率和磁。这两部分因概念多、知识应用性强，考点难点密集，在初中物理中的占有重要地位，因此学生在学习这部分内容过程中，普遍感到概念常混淆，选择题吃不准。尽管平时加强了训练，但近半数学生学习效果不够理想，不及格人数都在20人以上。

所以从整体上复习整册的内容

二、具体的复习安排

本学期的具体教学内容有：

第六章电压、电阻，本章是学习电学知识、掌握欧姆定律的基础。学生只有在掌握了最基本的电学知识后才能再进行以后的学习。

第七章欧姆定律，本章是电学中的一个重要定律，在初中电学中处于核心地位，既是后面学习“电功率”的基础，也是理解日常生活中电学知识的基础。

第八章电功率，本章在学习了欧姆定律的基础上，把对电学的研究拓展到电能和电功率。

第九章电与磁，本章主要讲述磁现象、电流的磁场、电磁铁及其应用、电动机、电磁感应及其应用。

第十章信息的传递，本章主要讲述了电磁波及信息的传递。

三、综观本册内容和学生平时错题，有以下几点应该予以重视。

1、概念及单位模糊混淆如电功率、热量和电能的单位，热量及电能的物理量符号等等。

2、知识应用迁移困难学习是为了应用。物理知识其应用性在各科中尤为突出。应用不仅是现实需要，也是检测学生对知识掌握程度的重要标准。因此物理知识的应用性在中考中的比例分量不断增加。例如，欧姆定律和电功率的公式，应用到实际生活中总是找不着门路，但是如果跳出这个题目，就知道怎么做。从掌握知识到应用知识有一段路要走，教师要引导学生尽可能缩短这一路程。

3、实验题得分率不高实验题分两类，一类是课堂上学生做过的基本实验，另一类是由基本实验延伸拓展出去的与生活、社会联系密切的实验。前者难以拿满分，后者往往困难比较大，但后者的根子通在基本实验的原理、设计、操作没有真正领会。

4、作图题貌似会作，但得分率一直在30-40﹪左右比如家庭电路里带开关的灯泡，以及滑动变阻器的接法能够明白是一上一下，倘若出现在实际题目中就混乱了。

四、应对措施

1、编制好高质量的复习教学案，编制好例题、习题和测试题；

2、扎实做好学生错题订正、检查工作；

篇3：八年级下期末自测题

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。(每小题1分,共20分)

()1.No one can help you all the time.You should be______control of your life.

A.for B.at C.on D.in

()2.There was something wrong with his car and he repaired it______himself.

A.on B.to C.by D.with

()3.The hotel provides a shoe cleaning service______guests.

A.for B.from C.on D.with

()4.We lost the game______everyone played well.

A.when B.because C.until D.although

()5.The rain beat_______her face as she walked through the wind and rain.

A.at B.against C.in D.from

()6.He is creative.He’s going to turn his car_____a playroom for the children.

A.with B.into C.in D.from

()7.Mr.Green is a kind man.He always tries his best to help______weak.

A.a B.the C.an D.不填

()8.The apartment my parents live in is about 360 square feet_______size.

A.for B.on C.in D.at

()9.When I got to my apartment,I saw my son running_____me happily.

A.around B.with C.toward D.about

()10.Liu Jing’s mother is very kind and she often speaks_______a kind way.

A.for B.by C.in D.of

()11.We have shirts in different colors______40 yuan each.

A.of B.with C.for D.at

()12.We regard Amy______one of the most successful fi lm actresses.

A.to B.with C.as D.of

()13.______have you lived in the countryside?

—Since fi ve years ago.

A.How soon B.How long C.How often D.How much

()14.______we grow up,our parents get older.

A.Unless B.Although C.As D.While

()15.Her own twelve pictures sold very well,______to friends and family.

A.usually B.Mostly C.Hardly D.recently

()16.She hasn’t_____decided if she will come or not.Let’s wait for her answer.

A.already B.yet C.ever D.never

()17.During his second day Edward looked_____more tired than on his fi rst day.

A.even B.quite C.only D.pretty

()18.We have different opinions______the matter.

A.about B.of C.in D.at

()19.Stop_______—you’re giving me a headache!

A.shouting B.shout C.to shout D.shouted

()20.It’s_______—I’m sure I locked the front door just now but now it’s open.

A.strange B.Useful C.Simple D.crazy

二、情景交际

(一)根据对话内容,从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话,其中有两项多余。

A:Hi,Ken.You don’t look very good.(21)______

B:I have a cold.

A:Why don’t you go home?

B:I can’t.(22)______But I don’t feel well.

A:Talk to Carol.She will understand.

B:OK.(23)______

A:Feel better soon!

(In Carol‘s offi ce)

B:Hi,Carol.Can I ask for leave(请假)?

C:What’s wrong,Ken?(24)______

B:No.But I have a sore throat.

C:(25)______You can go home.

B:Thanks,Carol.But I’m sorry I can’t fi nish the work today.

C:Don’t worry about your work.Go home and get better!

A.Do you have a sore throat?

B.I have too much work to do.

C.Should I take some medicine?

D.You probably have a cold.

E.What’s the matter with you?

F.I will go to her offi ce now.

G.Do you have a fever?

(二)根据对话内容,在空白处填上恰当的句子,使对话完整、通顺。

A:Mark,I plan to volunteer to work in the old people’s home.Are you interested in it?

A:This Saturday.The weather will be fi ne.

(In the old people’s home)

A:Oh,the house is in a mess(杂乱不堪)!

B:(27)_______________________?

A:You should clean out these old boxes fi rst.

B:OK.This cleaning job is so easy.What’s Rob’s job?

A:He is cleaning the whole living room.The lights,the floor...everything!

B:(28)_______________________?

A:Yes.I will help him.

(In the living room)

A:Rob,how is your cleaning going?

C:Not very well.I still have a lot to do.

A:I can help you.(29)_______________________?

C:You just need to clean the fl oor.

A:OK.I can fi nish that quickly.

C:And one more thing!

A:(30)_______________________?

C:Can you play some music?We can listen to music while we clean.

三、完形填空

先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。(每小题1分,共10分)

Do you know who played the role of Superman in the fi lm Superman?He was Christopher Reeve,a(n)31,and he was famous for his performance in the movie.

Like Superman,Christopher Reeve was afraid of nothing.He was good at fl ying planes,riding horses and many other activities.But32changed(改变)in 1995.When riding a horse,he fell and33himself badly.The doctors thought it was34for him to live long.Reeve even thought of35his life to end everything.36,when he thought of his family,he knew he couldn’t.From then on,he began to37for his life.

At the end of 1995,he left hospital.Soon after that,he felt he was ready to face the world again.He wanted to tell people no matter38problems they had,they shouldn’t give up.He began to make speeches,and they helped lots of people39body problems.

He also went back to work and made his first film,In the Gloaming.Although he lost control of his body,he still had his40and his dream.He was,and would always be Superman!

()31.A.expert B.actor C.reporter D.visitor

()32.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing

()33.A.hurt B.lost C.turned D.sent

()34.A.available B.serious C.diffi cult D.useful

()35.A.looking up B.coming up C.making up D.giving up

()36.A.However B.Certainly C.Hardly D.Again

()37.A.look B.fi ght C.serve D.wait

()38.A.when B.which C.that D.what

()39.A.in B.for C.with D.of

()40.A.reason B.culture C.trouble D.spirit

Dear Deborah,

Thanks to you,we are able to have a comfortable“home”for our children to live and learn in this year.Last Monday,Michael and his sister,Janet,celebrated Michael’s 9th birthday41cake and cards in the nice place.There was a look of joy on their lovely42.

Thank you for your kind gift of$1,000 to Children’s Residential Services of Greater Boston.For the homeless children like Michael and Janet in our center,your kindness makes a43to them.

With your help,we’ll buy new computers for our children in a day or two.The children can’t44to use the computers to do their homework and talk with their friends!

The computers are part of our Excellence in Service Campaign that will make our“home”even45for Michael,Janet and their new friends.

We would love you to visit our“home”,46you can meet our children.We love to show you around our“home”,and the children enjoy47visitors.One or two might even show you48they can do with their new computers.

Janet Teebs,our development director(负责人),is always49to set up a visit for you,or to answer any question you may have.Please50her at 520-446-0912,or e-mail her at janetteebs@CRS.com.

Again,thank you for all you did for our children.You are a part of their lives too.

Sincerely,

Malcolm Wexter

Executive Director

()41.A.for B.on C.about D.with

()42.A.eyes B.faces C.hearts D.mouths

()43.A.decision B.message C.difference D.problem

()44.A.wait B.try C.remember D.choose

()45.A.dirtier B.Noisier C.nicer D.bigger

()46.A.so B.unless C.until D.or

()47.A.organizing B.training C.meeting D.controlling

()48.A.what B.when C.how D.why

()49.A.busy B.upset C.welcome D.available

()50.A.hear B.call C.watch D.write

四、阅读理解(每小题2分,共60分)

One cold Sunday,Mariko and her dad were walking to the store.

“I’m tired of winter,”said Mariko.

Dad waved(挥手)at their neighbor.“I know Mr.Hill hopes spring will come too.”

Mr.Hill was sitting and enjoying the sun in his garden(花园).He waved,and Mariko waved back.

“Mr.Hill loves his garden,”said Mariko.Mr.Hill had the most beautiful spring fl ower garden.It was full of daffodils(黄水仙).

Dad said,“Yes,he does.And because he is old,it is hard for him to go outside in winter.”

At the store,Mariko helped Dad choose milk,bread and carrots.

“You may choose something for yourself,Mariko,”said Dad.

At first Mariko thought apples would taste good.But then something else caught her eye,“Oh,Dad,look,daffodils!”

“Is that something you want?”asked Dad.

“Yes!”Mariko said happily.

Mariko couldn’t stop looking at her daffodils all the way home.But when she got to Mr.Hill’s house,she stopped,“Maybe I could...”

“Wait here,Dad,please,”she said.“I’ll be right back.”

Mariko ran to Mr.Hill and gave him the daffodils.

“What a wonderful winter surprise!”said Mr.Hill.“You have brought me spring!”

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

()51.What did Mariko and her father do on Sunday?

A.They did some shopping.B.They worked in the garden.

C.They visited their neighbors.D.They helped Mr.Hill pick fl owers.

()52.What did Mariko and her father NOT bring home?

A.Apples.B.Carrots C.Milk D.Bread

()53.Mariko chose daffodils probably because______.

A.they were colorful B.her mother liked them

C.her garden needed new fl owers D.the fl owers made her think of spring

()54.From the story,we know that Mariko______.

A.disliked shopping B.liked daffodils best

C.was popular with her neighbors D.was kind and thought of others

()55.What is the best title of the story?

A.A shopping day B.A winter surprise

C.Beautiful fl owers D.Spring and winter

“Mom,you won’t believe what Anna’s grandfather bought her for her birthday!”shouted Michelle.

“What?”asked Mom.

“A horse,”said Michelle.“Can I have one for my birthday?”

“No,Honey!I’m sorry but we don’t have enough money,”said Mom.

Michelle walked to her room.The phone rang(响起铃声),and Michelle answered.

“Will you get one for your birthday?”asked Anna.“We can ride them together.”

“No,”said Michelle.“Mom said we don’t have enough money.”

“Oh.Er...I have to feed Sir Charles.See you tomorrow,”said Anna.

“Maybe I can help Anna feed Sir Charles,”thought Michelle.She picked up the phone,but her mom was on the phone.

“That would be wonderful.I think she’ll enjoy the riding lessons,”said Mom.

Michelle even didn’t hear her mom walk in the room.

“Honey,I want to talk to you,”said Mom.

Michelle put the phone down.“I didn’t mean toeavesdrop.I was going to call Anna,”said Michelle.

“So you heard about the riding lessons?”asked Mom.

“Yes,”said Michelle.

“I don’t have enough money to buy a horse,but I thought you’d like to learn to ride it.Mrs.Mayberry gives lessons every Saturday.She said you and Anna could be in the same class.I know it’s not the same as having your own horse,but...”said Mom.

“It’s better,”said Michelle.

“Why?”asked Mom.

“Anna has to feed Sir Charles every day.It takes lots of time,”said Michelle.

“So you’re satisfi ed?”asked Mom.

“Of course.It’s the best birthday gift ever,”said Michelle.

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

()56.Michelle’s mom didn’t agree to buy her a horse because______.

A.she didn’t like horses

B.a horse needed too much money

C.Michelle didn’t have time to care for a horse

D.it was dangerous for Michelle to ride a horse

()57.Sir Charles was______.

A.a horse B.a dog C.Anna’s grandfather D.Michelle’s grandfather

()58.The underlined word“eavesdrop”in the passage means“_____”in Chinese.

A.抱怨B.放弃C.偷听D.拒绝

()59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Michelle didn’t like feeding horses.

B.Anna wanted Michelle to help her feed her horse.

C.Anna’s father bought her a horse for her birthday.

D.Michelle would learn to ride a horse from Mrs.Mayberry.

()60.What’s the best title of the passage?

A.A telephone call

B.Anna and Michelle

C.How to ride a horse

D.The best birthday gift

Dear Tommy,

I’m in Paris now!Mom,Sally and I came here to visit my uncle.We are having a wonderful time.Dad didn’t come because his company(公司)sent him to work in Japan last month.He will have to stay there until November.

For Sally and me,it’s our first time to come to France.We are so excited!Last week Mom went to different shows alone.She used to study in Paris,so she knows the city well.Sally and I visited many interesting places with Aunt Susan.Although we can’t speak French,it’s OK.Aunt Susan and Uncle Tyler can speak both French and English.

Yesterday afternoon,Mom,Sally and Aunt Susan stayed home cooking dinner.Uncle Tyler took me fi shing.We drove for an hour and fi nally arrived at his favorite lake.First,we walked around the lake looking for a good place to fi sh.Uncle Tyler said we should fi sh from the top of a large rock.

I was so interested in catching a fi sh that when I threw my fi shing line and hook(鱼钩)out,the rod(鱼竿)went with them!Uncle Tyler got my rod out of the lake.Then he said that next time,I should wait until he put bait(鱼饵)on the hook.

We fi shed for two hours and my uncle caught four fi sh.He is a fantastic fi sherman.The only thing I caught was a cold.I can’t wait to go again soon,so I can become a great fi sherman like him.

Yours,

Frank

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

()61.Frank’s father went to Japan to______.

A.work B.study C.take a holiday D.visit his brother

()62.Who CANNOT speak French?

A.Susan and Tommy B.Sally and Susan.

C.Frank and Tommy D.Sally and Frank.

()63.Which word best describes Frank when he was fi shing?

A.Bored.B.Excited.C.Angry.D.Careful.

()64.Which of the following is TRUE according to the letter?

A.Frank will stay in Paris with his family until November.

B.Frank got sick after he fi shed in the lake with his uncle.

C.Sally used to study in Paris and she visited many places there.

D.Sally spent an hour cooking dinner with her mother and aunt.

()65.What will Frank probably do if Tyler asks him to go fi shing next time?

A.Go with him.

B.Send him a newrod.

C.Say no to him.

D.Prepare some bait himself.

Hi!I’m Lilly.My family and I live in a big house.I’m 11 and I have a younger brother,Tom.He is 8.

My mom is a nurse,and she works in a hospital.She works a lot,and usually at night.She doesn’t have enough time to do the housework,so my dad often helps her and he likes it.My dad works in a bank.He arrives home at about 4 p.m.,so he can do a lot of things at home.

Every evening Dad cooks dinner.My brother and I help him.After dinner Dad does the dishes and I help him dry them.Then we take a shower and Dad reads us short stories.

In the morning,Mom makes breakfast.Tom and I make our beds.Then Dad takes us to school by car.

On Saturday,we clean the house.I clean the furniture(家具)and Dad sweeps the floor.Tom takes the rubbish out and waters the plants.Dad likes cleaning the windows but he hates ironing(熨).He never does it.My grandma comes to us twice a week and she irons our clothes.

On Sunday,we wash the car together and Dad often takes us to play in the park and eat in our favorite restaurant.

根据材料内容判断正(T)误(F)。

()66.Lilly is four years older than Tom.

()67.Lilly’s mom never works at night.

()68.Lilly and her brother go to school by car.

()69.Lilly’s brother is so little that he can’t do any housework.

()70.Lilly’s father doesn’t like ironing,but he likes cleaning the windows.

On Thursday a new boy came into the classroom.He didn’t have any uniform on.Just trousers,a jacket and a shirt.Tom could see that the boy wasn’t quite comfortable.He had a plastic(塑料的)bag with exercise books,pens,pencils,rulers and erasers in it.The boy stood at the blackboard.Miss Fair talked to the boy,and then she said,“Boys and girls,this is Peter Rivers.He is your new classmate.Peter is your age.I hope you’ll get on well with each other.Peter will spend a lot of time together with you,and outdoors too.”Miss Fair asked Peter to sit next to Tom at the desk near the window.

The students had math after that and Tom could see that Peter was not bad at it.He counted(数数)well.It was not diffi cult for him at all.Then Miss Fair said,“It is half past twelve.It’s time to have lunch.”Peter joined Tom and went to wash his hands.Then the boys sat down on the fl oor and started to open their lunch bags.Tom opened his bag and put his hand in it.He took out an old brown apple,some old cheese and some bits of fi sh from dinner.“Oh,no!”cried Tom.“This is rubbish.I have the wrong bag.I took the rubbish bag and left my lunch bag at home.I have only rubbish for lunch today.”The other children laughed and laughed.Then Peter said,“I have two eggs.Why don’t you have one?I don’t need two.And would you like some bread?”Tom smiled,“Thanks.Now I’ll always look in my lunch bag before I bring it to school.”

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

()71.How many kinds of things did Peter have in his plastic bag?

A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Six

()72.Which of the following is TRUE about Peter?

A.He wore a coat and a shirt to school.

B.He had lunch in the school dining hall.

C.He was disabled and couldn’t play outdoors.

D.He had no trouble counting in the math class.

()73.How did Tom feel when he saw what was in his lunch bag?

A.Bored B.Afraid C.Excited D.Upset

()74.What would Tom probably have for lunch?

A.Bread and an apple B.Cheese and an apple

C.Bread and an egg D.Cheese and an egg

()75.What is the passage mainly about?

A.Tom’s favorite teacher B.Tom’s new classmate

C.Tom’s math class D.Tom’s lunch

When a person is hurt or suddenly(突然)becomes ill,people give him immediate(立即的)care.We call it fi rst aid.(76)______Immediate action is necessary when someone loses lots of blood or when breathing stopped for a short time.

Everyone should know something about how to care for a person with a sudden illness.Even a small injury(损伤)can be very dangerous.(77)______

When first aiders face a sudden situation,they must be able to keep calm(镇静的)and organize other people to help.He or she must know how to control blood and take care of injuries.(78)______

In our country,hundreds of people die in traffic accidents every year because most people don’t have first aid information.(79)______We may face a sudden situation anywhere.One day somebody from our family may get hurt or suddenly become ill.(80)______

根据材料内容将方框中A—E五个句子填入文中空缺处,使短文内容完整、正确。

A.If more people know about fi rst aid,more lives could be saved.

B.If we don’t want to be helpless in such a situation,we have to know fi rst aid.

C.When there is a sudden situation,time is very important,so fi rst aid plays a very important role.

D.Knowing how to move the injured without causing(引起)more injuries is also very important.

E.And it may result in death,so everyone should know something about fi rst aid.

五、词汇运用(每小题1分,共20分)

A)根据句意及所给首字母提示,补全句中所缺单词。

81.Leo has a t___.I advised him to see a dentist.

82.The bus stopped to let the p___ off.

83.People in the western countries often eat with k___ and forks.

84.The bag of rice weighs about 50 k___.

85.His daughter is a n___.Her job is to look after the sick.

B)根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

86.We have to make a________(decide)about where to go on vacation

87.His________(foot)are too big.We don’t have the right size of shoes for him.

88.Parents should tell children the________(important)of doing the housework.

89.Flora has a________(stomach),so she doesn’t want to eat anything.

90.All of us are surprised at the________(die)of the man because he is too young.

91.It was a good________(feel)to be arriving home again.

92.Who’s the________(own)of this house?

93.Careful!There’s_________(break)glass on the fl oor.

94.I wanted to thank them for all their________(kind).

95.She explained(解释)the whole idea again,but I still didn’t_____(understand).

C)根据句意及所给汉语提示,写出句中所缺单词。

96.There was a(n)______(通知)on the board saying the class had been cancelled(取消).

97.One of the boys was pushing the other along in a little box on_____(轮子).

98.We should care for the________(有残疾的)people.

99.Lisa met with many________(困难)when traveling.

100.I was tired so my friend________(扛)my heavy bag for me.

参考答案:

一、1---5DCADB 6---10 BBCCC

11---15 CCBCB 16---20 BAAAA

二、21---25 EBFGD

26.When should we do that

27.What should I do fi rst

28.Does he need any help

29.What do I need to do

30.What’s it

三、31---35 BCACD 36---40 ABDCD

41---45 DBCAC 46---50 ACADB

四、51---55 AADDB 56---60 BACDD 61---65 ADBBA

篇4：新目标七年级下期末词汇复习专练

1. Where is ____(you) pen pal from?

2. He’s from ____. He’s a ____(Japan).

3. China is a very ____(interest) country.

4. It’s a ____(fun) story.

5. I hope you have a good ____(trip).

6. He’s ____(friend) to us all.

7. We’re an ____(international) school for children of 5-10.

8. ——How’s the weather in Nanjing?——It’s ____(sun).

9. They are ____(strawberry) for Nick.

10. What do you think of sports ____(show)?

11. The street on Sundays is very ____(crowd).

12. The most ____(success) team in China is the women’s national team.

13. Let’s give them our best ____(wish).

14. Halloween started ____(hundred) of years ago in Britain.

15. Let’s go to the ____(child) Palace to learn the piano.

16. Nancy is ____(do) her homework now.

17. Thank you for ____(tell) me that news.

18. Look! A man is ____(lie) on the ground.

19. Do you like ____(read) newspapers?

20. Peter never stops ____(talk) after class.

21. Nobody ____(know) me here.

22. Do you often go ____(swim) in summer?

23. ——What ____ you ____(do) last weekend?

——I read books.

24. He put on his hat and ____(go) out.

25. ——How did they spend the holidays?

——They ____(visit) the farm.

26. I ____(write) a new song and practiced my guitar.

27. They enjoyed ____(listen) to Beijing Opera(京剧).

28. I found a small boy ____(cry) in the corner.

29. His words made me ____(feel) very happy.

30. What did you decide ____(do)?

Ⅱ.根据句意以及字母提示，补全单词

1. Where is her pen p____ from?

2. Peter is fifteen y____ old.

3. ——He likes talking to people. He meets them every day and asks them questions. Is he a r____?

——Oh, yes, he is.

4. He has a camera. He wants to take p____ in the zoo.

5. Is the library b____ the hotel and the mall?

6. Where is the panda from? She is from C____. She’s very shy.

7. ——What does Lucy look like?

——She is tall. She h____ curly hair.

8. He’s good at singing. He’s a good s____.

9. I looked for my keys but I couldn’t f____ them.

10. ——Can I have a look? ——Yes.What do you s____?

11. Don’t listen to music in the classroom o____ the hallways.

12. ——I knew some western cultures.

——Do you know e____ cultures?

13. ——What language do the Chinese s____?

——They speak Chinese.

14. My favorite s____ in school is P.E. It’s fun.

15. Can you tell me the w____ to the post office?

16. I am a doctor. I work in the h____.

17. I____ is a wonderful net(网). We can look for things on it.

18. ——How’s the w____ in Shanghai? ——It’s warm and windy.

19. My friend, Gloria Green, doesn’t w____ glasses.

20. ——What s____ bowl of noodles would he like?

——He’d like a small bowl of noodles.

Ⅲ.根据句意在空白处填适当的词，使句子意思完整正确

1. It’s down Bridge Street ____ the right.

2. There’s a small house with ____ interesting garden.

3. ——Why do you want to see the lions?——____ they’re cute.

4. What’s he waiting ____?

5. Sydney is a city in ____.

6. ——What does your friend look ____? ——She is medium build.

7. ——What did you do ____ your last vacation?

——I went to Australia with my family.

8. We can’t go out ____ school nights.

9. What club does Betty play ____?

10. We play ____ teams from other schools at weekend.

11. I played soccer on my computer ____ Saturday morning.

12. He was ill. He must stay ____ bed.

13. I do ____ homework from 7 to 8 in the evening.

14. Please don’t be late ____ school next time.

15. What ____ is your sweater? Is it blue?

16. This shopping basket is heavy, but that one is ____.

17. When English people meet each other, they often talk about the ____.

18. He’s my father, but I’m not his son. I am his ____.

19. The sign means ____.

20. Is your e-friend ____ or old?

21. The capital of England is ____.

22. ____ Day is on December 25.

Ⅳ.根据句意以及中文提示填写单词（每空一词）

1. I like going to the movies with my friends and ____(玩) football.

2. The pay phone is ____ ____(靠近) the library.

3. ____ ____(对不起)， where’s the Fuhua Hotel?

4. I want to ____(成为) an actor.

5. Do you like to write ____(故事)?

6. The people are ____(真正地) very relaxed.

7.It's cold and ____(刮风).

8.____(西红柿) are my favorite vegetables.

9.Is there a restaurant on ____(第五) Avenue?

10. Do you often go to the ____(超市)？

11. How many ____(图书馆) are there in their school?

12. It ____(听起来) good.

13. Mike is my ____(堂兄). He's very helpful.

14. You can see a panda ____(在……之间) the lion and the penguin.

15. My father is medium ____(体形).

16. What kind of ____(饺子) would you like?

17. Did you like playing ____(排球)？

18. Can you lend me some ____(杂志)？

19. What do you think of the ____(太阳镜)？

篇5：苏教版五年级语文下期末复习计划

1、指导学生对整个学期的语文知识学习进行疏通和归纳。

2、在学生复习的过程中，指导学生分类、归纳性复习的方法。

3、提高学生审题和应试的能力，复习掌握阅读和写作的技巧。

二、复习方法：

先单元复习再分类性复习：

分为：听写训练、基础知识、积累运用、阅读、写作等五部分。

1、听写训练、基础知识穿插在每节课中进行复习。

2、积累运用总结出题型重在平时的练习。

3、阅读部分的分类方法很多，可以从文章的内容来分，也可以从文章的表达方式上分。

4、作文的分类也很多，可以从写人、记事、写景和应用文来分，也可以从命题的形式来分。

三、复习措施：

1、以听写的方式检查字词。

听写前先布置作业复习课后生字词及补充的四字词、成语。复习单元同步练习中出现的词语。听写后做评讲，将易错字、重难点字重点讲解。集中讲学习这些字词的方法。

2、课堂抽背和默写重点语段相结合。

3、课堂练习、课堂评讲。教答题方法。

4、整理这学期所有的试卷和练习题。

5、指导考试技巧、强调卷面的书写。

6、阅读：

①课内语段：抓重点课文的重点语段，了解文章的中心，进行阅读的训练：注重古诗文的背诵、理解、默写)

②课外语段：(要注重能力的培养，训练学生答题方法。形成阅读能力)

四、帮助学困生：

1、组织“一帮一”的学习合作小组。一个优等生对应一个学困生。

2、每次听写、默写之后，老师对个别学生单独进行指导。

篇6：八年级历史下期末复习教案

一、复习目标：

（一）知识与能力

通过复习使学生识记、理解并掌握以下历史知识：中华人民共和国的成立和巩固、社会主义道路的探索、建设有中国特色的社会主义、民族团结与祖国统一、国防建设与外交成就、科技教育与文化、社会生活等，培养学生联系整合历史知识的能力及分析综合能力。

（二）过程与方法

根据复习提纲，结合提问方式进行复习。

（三）情感态度与价值观

认识探索中国式的社会主义建设道路，是一个长期、曲折的过程，尽管在探索中出现了严重失误，但是，由于党和人民的艰苦努力，我国的社会主义建设仍然取得了巨大成就。这些成就，成为后来进行现代化建设的坚实基础。在建设中涌现出来的先进人物，是中华民族的脊梁，是我们学习的楷模。

通过复习再次认识改革开放的伟大及我们心中的伟人——邓小平。

二、复习重点和难点

重点：国家在不同时期的农村政策、建设有中国特色社会主义道路的探索过程、改革开放、中国外交成就。

难点：复习内容多且杂，要学生能融会贯通比较困难。

三、复习方法：

利用复习提纲进行分析

四、学法指导：

归纳法、练习法

五、复习过程：

教师根据复习提纲，师生互动，进行复习。

八年级历史下册期末复习提纲

第一单元中华人民共和国的成立和巩固

1、第一届政治协商会议：

（1）时间（1949年9月）、地点（北平）、内容──见课本P2（2）第一届政协会议制定的《共同纲领》在当时起到了临时宪法的作用。（3）第一届政治协商会议以《义勇军进行曲》为国歌的原因：①《义勇军进行曲》诞生于抗日战争时期，曾经激励了无数中华儿女奋起抗日；②以这首歌曲为国歌，能够时刻激励中国人民居安思危，继承传统，奋发图强。

2、开国大典：（时间、主要仪式）P3

3、中华人民共和国成立的历史意义和影响：

（1）是中国历史的伟大转折。（中国半殖民地半封建社会历史结束，开始由新民主主义向社会主义过渡。）

（2）开辟了历史新纪元。从此中国一百多年被侵略被奴役的历史结束。中国真正成为独立自主的国家。中国人民从此站起来，成为国家的主人。

（3）壮大了世界和平、民主和社会主义的力量。鼓舞了世界被压迫民族争取斗争胜利的信心。

4、西藏和平解放：（1）时间：1951年。（2）历史意义：标志着祖国大陆获得了统一，各族人民实现了大团结。

5、抗美援朝（1950年10月25日～1953年7月）

（1）中国人民志愿军参加抗美援朝战争的原因：①美国侵略朝鲜，轰炸中国边境城市，侵犯了中国主权，严重威胁着中国安全；②美国派太平洋第七舰队进驻台湾海峡，阻止中国人民解放军解放台湾，公然干涉中国内政；③朝鲜民主主义共和国请求中国出兵援助，中朝唇齿相依，唇亡齿寒。

（2）抗美援朝胜利的原因：①党的英明决策和正确指挥；②全国人民的大力支援；③志愿军和朝鲜人民的英勇奋战。

（3）抗美援朝的历史意义：巩固了新生的人民民主政权，为中国的经济建设赢得了一个和平的环境，提高了新中国的国际地位和国际威望。证明西方侵略者靠武力征服中国的时代已经过去了，鼓舞了殖民地和半殖民地人民为保卫祖国而抵抗帝国主义侵略的决心和信心。

（4）抗美援朝中的英雄人物：黄继光，邱少云。①英雄们的主要事迹（见课本P9）②为什么称志愿军为“最可爱的人”？──中国人民志愿军在抗美援朝战争中表现出了高度的爱国主义、国际主义和革命英雄主义精神。他们不畏艰险，英勇顽强，最终赢得了战争的胜利，为国家和民族赢得了荣誉。

6、土地改革（1950年～1952年底）

（1）原因：①旧的封建土地制度严重阻碍了农村经济和中国社会的发展；②新解放区的广大农民迫切要求进行土地改革，获得土地。

（2）影响：彻底摧毁了我国存在两千多年的封建土地制度，地主阶级也被消灭；农民翻了身，得到了土地，成为土地的主人；这使人民政权更加巩固，也大大解放了农村生产力，农业生产获得迅速恢复和发展，为国家的工业化建设准备了条件。

第二单元社会主义道路的探索

1、第一个五年计划（1953年－1957年）：

（1）背景：新中国成立后，经过三年的经济恢复，国民经济得到根本好转，工业生产已经超过历史最好水平。但我国的工业发展水平仍然远远落后于发达国家，甚至不如印度。

（2）基本任务：集中力量发展重工业，建立国家工业化和国防现代化的初步基础；相应地发展交通运输业、轻工业、农业和商业；相应地培养建设人才。

（3）成就：到1957年底，各项经济指标超额完成。鞍山钢铁公司大型轧钢厂建成投产，长春第一汽车制造厂生产出第一辆汽车，中国第一个制造机床的工厂──沈阳第一机床厂建成投产。万里长江第一桥──武汉长江大桥建成。川藏、青藏、新藏公路修到“世界屋脊”。形成了以鞍山钢铁公司为中心的东北工业基地，沿海地区原有的工业基地得到了加强，华北和西北业建立了一批新的工业基地。

（4）意义和影响：使我国开始改变了工业落后的面貌，向社会主义工业化迈进。

2、共和国第一部宪法：1954年，第一届全国人民代表大会制定了《中华人民共和国宪法》。宪法规定我国坚持人民民主专政，坚持社会主义道路，一切权利属于人民，它是我国第一部真正反映人民利益的社会主义类型的宪法。

3、三大改造：

（1）三大改造的内容：对农业、手工业、资本主义工商业的社会主义改造。（2）三大改造的实质：生产资料私有制转变为社会主义公有制。

（3）对农业的社会主义改造──建立农业生产合作社：

①原因：土地改革后，农业生产有了恢复和发展。但是我国农业仍然是一家一户分散经营，难以解决生产工具、资金和水利问题，难以抵御自然灾害，影响了农业生产发展，满足不了国家工业化建设的需要。

②效果：促进了农业产生的发展，使农业产量年年增高。

（4）三大改造的完成：①时间──1956年底。②意义──促进了生产力的发展，实现了把生产资料私有制转变为公有制的任务，在我国初步建立起社会主义的基本制度，我国进入到社会主义初级阶段。

4、中共八大：（1）内容：P27（2）意义：是探索建设社会主义道路的良好开端。（3）八大和十一届三中全会的比较：

①两次会议的相同点：都提出要集中力量发展生产力。

②两次会议的不同点：实施的情况及影响不同。八大后，社会主义建设蓬勃展开，成就显著，但由于“左”倾错误的影响，正确的路线没有得到坚持。十一届三中全会后，我国坚持改革开放，社会主义建设事业取得了迅速发展。

5、大跃进和人民公社化运动：（1）时间：1958年

（2）原因：党和人民对于我国社会主义所处的发展阶段认识不足，对如何建设社会主义缺乏经验，又急于求成，忽视了经济发展的客观规律。

（3）表现：以高指标、瞎指挥、浮夸风和“共产”风为标志的“左倾”错误泛滥。

（4）影响：是党在探索社会主义道路中的一次严重失误，再加上自然灾害等因素，使我国人民遇到了建国以来前所未有的严重经济困难。

（5）教训：①搞经济建设要从我国的基本国情出发，不能急于求成；②要尊重经济发展的客观规律，按规律办事。

6、社会主义建设时期的模范人物：焦裕禄，王进喜，邓稼先，雷锋。他们的主要事迹见课本P29～P31。他们的精神品质：热爱祖国、艰苦创业、密切联系群众，全心全意为人民服务。

7、土地改革、农业合作化、人民公社化运动、家庭联产承包责任制的不同点：

①土地改革是1950年开始，没收地主的土地，分给无地或少地的农民耕种，即废除地主阶级封建剥削的土地制度，实行农民的土地所有制。

②农业合作化是1952年开始，国家对农业进行社会主义改造，主要是把分散的个体农民组织起来，引导他们参加农业合作社，走集体化和共同富裕的道路。

③人民公社化运动是1958年在大跃进中发展起来的。人民公社是在农业合作社的基础上合并而成的政社合一的社会基层组织；公社的一切财产统一核算，统一分配，社员的自留地、家畜、树木等都为公社所有。

④家庭联产承包责任制是十一届三中全会后农村在实行土地公有制的前提下，实行分田包产到户，自负盈亏。

8、文化大革命（1966年～1976年10月）

（1）毛泽东发动文化大革命的原因：20世纪60年代中期，毛泽东错误地认为，党中央出现了修正主义，党和国家面临着资本主义复辟的危险，他希望通过“文化大革命”防止资本主义复辟。

（2）党的历史上最大一起冤案：文革期间，国家主席刘少奇遭到迫害，被诬蔑为“叛徒、内奸、工贼”，被中央开除出党，并遭非法监禁，迫害致死。

（3）文化大革命造成的危害：使国家政权遭到削弱，民主与法制建设遭到践踏；严重摧残了教育、科学和文化事业，阻碍了教育、科技事业的发展；致使国家经济发展缓慢，拉大了中国与世界发达国家之间的差距。

（4）教训和启示：我们必须正确认识国内的主要矛盾；在社会主义初级阶段，我们必须始终坚持以经济建设为中心；我们必须加强社会主义法制建设，坚持依法治国的方针；我们必须保持安定团结的政治局面，为经济建设营造良好的国内环境。

第三单元建设有中国特色社会主义

1、十一届三中全会：（1）背景：①“文化大革命”积累了许多严重的政治问题和社会问题，人们要求纠正“文化大革命”的错误；

②当时中央的主要领导人仍然坚持“左”的错误，提出“两个凡是”的方针；

③关于真理标准问题的大讨论，解放了人们思想。

（2）内容：P39（思想上、政治上、组织上）（3）影响：P39

2、民主法制建设的加强：

（1）背景：文化大革命使我国的民主和法制建设遭到了严重践踏，广大人民群众深刻地认识到了加强民主和法制建设的重要性。

（2）成就：1982年颁布了《中华人民共和国宪法》，这是新时期一部比较完备的宪法。此后，又颁布了《中华人民共和国民法通则》和《中华人民共和国刑法》等一系列法律。

（3）意义：反映了我国法制建设取得了伟大成就。广大人民的法制观念不断提高，依法办事逐渐成为了人们的共识，我国正在向依法治国，建设法制国家的道路迈进。

3、家庭联产承包责任制：

（1）开始：十一届三中全会以后，我国的改革从农村开始，1978年，安徽凤阳小岗村18户农民首先开始将田地包干到户，自负盈亏。（2）影响：使农业生产的得到了大发展，农村开始富裕起来了。

（3）乡镇企业的发展：十一届三中全会以后，农村乡镇企业也迅速发展起来，为农村致富和实现现代化开辟了一条新路。

（4）为什么家庭联产承包责任制的改革能够促进农业的发展？──家庭联产承包责任制把农民的责、权、利紧密结合起来，克服了以往分配中的平均主义等弊端，农民有了生产的自主权，大大地提高了生产积极性。

4、国有企业改革：

（1）开始：从1985年起，城市改革全面开展，重点是国有企业改革。（2）主要内容：①把原来单一的公有制经济发展为以公有制为主体的多种所有制经济共同发展；②国有企业实行政企分开，逐步扩大企业的生产经营自主权，实行经营责任制；③实行按劳分配为主多种分配方式并存的制度。④1992年，党的十四大提出了建立社会主义市场经济体制的目标，国有企业开始推行公司制、股份制、改组、联合等，国有企业的改革加快了步伐。

（3）效果：大大调动了企业、职工的积极性，增强了企业的活力，推动了工业的发展，5、对外开放：（1）对外开放的开始──建立四个经济特区（深圳、珠海、汕头、厦门）。（2）对外开放的扩大──开放广州、上海等14个沿海城市，增设海南经济特区，设立上海浦东开发区。浦东开发区已经成为国际化的经济中心和金融中心。（3）对外开放的格局──形成了“经济特区——沿海开放城市——沿海经济开放区——内地”的全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放格局。

6、建有中国特色的社会主义：

（1）改革开放的总设计师——邓小平：在中国改革开放和现代化建设中，邓小平解决了什么是社会主义，怎样建设社会主义等一系列基本问题，是马克思主义在中国发展的新阶段，为中国改革开放和现代化建设指明了前进的方向和道路，是中国改革开放的总设计师。

（2）1992年，邓小平在南方的讲话：①内容──特区姓“社”不姓“资”。要抓住机遇，发展自己，关键是发展经济。发展才是硬道理。②影响──进一步解放了人们的思想，对建设有中国特色的社会主义产生了深远影响。

（3）邓小平理论指导地位的确立：1992年，中共十四大确立邓小平理论在全党的指导地位。1997年，中共十五大把邓小平理论写进党章，确立为党的指导思想。

第四单元民族团结和祖国统一

1、民族团结：

（1）政治上：实行民族区域自治。（有利于促进祖国统一，民族团结和民族平等，是我国的一项基本国策和政治制度）（2）经济上：实行各民族共同繁荣，共同发展。

2、香港和澳门回归：

（1）“一国两制”的构想的提出：改革开放以后，邓小平针对台湾问题提出了“一个国家，两种制度”的构想。目的是为了完成祖国统一大业，实现祖国的最后统一。（2）“一国两制”的含义：就是在中华人民共和国境内，大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、澳门和台湾实行资本主义制度。

（3）实行“一国两制”原因：“一国两制”正是从历史和现实考虑，一要实现香港、澳门、台湾的主权回归，二要维持香港、澳门、台湾经济的繁荣。（4）英、葡政府同意把香港、澳门归还给中国说明：改革开放后，中国经济的迅速发展，综合国力的增强，国际地位的提高。

（5）港、澳回归祖国的意义和影响：中国人民洗刷了百年国耻，增强了中国人民的民族自尊心；促进改革开放，我国在完成祖国统一大业道路上迈出了重要一步。

3、海峡两岸的交往：

（1）我国的对台政策：新中国成立后，明确提出要解放台湾；20世纪50年代中期，又确立了争取用和平方式解放台湾的思想；改革开放以后，在邓小平“一国两制”的基础上又形成了“和平统一，一国两制”的对台基本方针；1995年，江泽民又提出了发展两岸关系，促进和平统一的八项主张，成为了新时期推进祖国和平统一的指导思想。

（2）海峡两岸关系的发展：①1987年，台湾当局被迫放弃“三不‘政策；②1992年，海协会会长汪道涵和海基会会长辜振甫在新加坡举行会谈，两会就“海峡两岸均坚持一个中国的原则”达成共识（即“九二共识”）；③20多年来，两岸的经济、文化交流蓬勃发展。

（3）对我国统一台湾的看法（必然性）: ①从历史角度看，台湾自古以来就是中国领土不可分割的一部分； ②从民族角度看，海峡两岸同根同源，血脉相连，完成中华民族的统一大业是全体炎黄子孙的共同心愿；

③从现实角度看，海峡两岸日益密切的经济、文化交流，符合两岸人民的共同利益；

④从法律角度看，《反分裂国家法》的颁布为解决台湾问题提供了法律依据； ⑤从可行性来看，香港、澳门的回归和持续繁荣为统一台湾提供了范例。

第五单元国防建设和外交

一、新中国外交的主要成就：

1、新中国成立之初，就奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。

2、在建国的第一年里，中国同苏联等17个国家建立了外交关系。3、1953年底，周恩来总理提出了和平共处五项原则，在国际上产生了深远的影响，成为处理国与国之间关系的基本准则。（首先得到印度总理尼赫鲁、缅甸总理吴努的肯定，并发表联合声明。见课本P77《中印两国总理联合声明》）

4、在亚非国际会议（又称“万隆会议”，1955年）上，周恩来提出“求同存异”的方针。这一方针的提出具有重要意义：①促进了会议的圆满成功；②促进了中国同亚洲各国的团结与合作，③使中国赢得参会各国的理解和尊重。5、1972年，尼克松总统访华。中美双方在上海签署了《中美联合公报》。6、1979年，中美正式建立外交关系。美国承认只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。中美关系正常化（见课本P81《中美建交公报》）。7、1971年10月25日，第26届联合国大会恢复了中华人民共和国在联合国的合法席位，新中国终于重返联合国。8、1972年，日本首相田中角荣访华，中日建交。

9、中国承办亚太经合组织会议：2001年，亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议（简称APEC会议）在上海举行。主题是“新世纪、新挑战：参与、合作，促进共同繁荣”。上海APEC会议是中国迄今举行的规模最大、规格最高的多边外交活动。10、2001年，上海合作组织成立。它是第一个以中国城市命名的国际组织，它的成立进一步加强了我国与周边国家的关系。

11、新中国取得辉煌外交成就的原因和意义

（1）原因：①归功于我国积极灵活的外交政策；②归功于全国人民的共同努力；③归功于我国综合国力的不断增强。

（2）意义：为我国的现代化建设营造了一个和平的环境，加强了我国与世界各国各地区的经贸联系，为我国的改革开放和经济建设奠定了基础。

第六单元科技教育和文化

一、科学技术的成就

（一）1、“两弹一星”（指原子弹、导弹和人造地球卫星）（1）核技术领域：①1964年10月，我国第一颗原子弹爆炸成功。意义：加强了我国的国防力量，打破了帝国主义的核垄断，对于维护世界和平具有重要意义。②1966年10月，装有核弹头的中近程地地导弹发射成功，我国有了可用于实战的导弹。

（2）航天技术领域：1970年，我国用长征号运载火箭，成功地发射了第一颗人造地球卫星“东方红一号”，成为继苏联、美国、法国、日本后，第五个能独立发射人造地球卫星的国家。1999年，成功发射第一艘无人飞船“神州一号”。2003年，“神舟五号”载人飞船成功地将宇航员杨利伟送上了太空。2005年，“神舟六号”载人飞船又成功地将宇航员费俊龙、聂海胜送上了太空。2007年，“嫦娥一号”成功发射。2008年，“神舟七号”载人飞船又成功地将宇航员翟志刚、景海鹏、刘伯明送上了太空，并进行了太空漫步（翟志刚）。

（3）杰出科学家和技术人员：邓稼先、袁隆平（学习他们振兴中华、刻苦钻研、奋发图强的精神，继承和发扬他们的优良品质，进一步增强建设有中国特色社会主义的决心和信心）。

2、籼型杂交水稻

（1）培育者：袁隆平（“杂交水稻之父”）。1973年首次在世界上育成籼型杂交水稻。

（2）启示：知识是最大的财富，也证实了科学技术在经济发展中的巨大作用；科学技术是第一生产力。

二、科学技术的成就

（二）1、“863计划”（见课本P94）：确定把生物技术、航天技术、信息技术、激光技术、自动化技术、能源技术、新材料等七个领域作为我国发展高技术的重点。1996年又将海洋高技术列为计划的第八个领域。

2、计算机网络技术的应用：

（1）应用：浏览新闻、查阅资料、发电子邮件（E－mail）、通话、购物、上课、看病等。

（2）影响：①正面：健康上网，有利于增强自己与外界的沟通与交流，有利于创造出全新的生活方式和社会互动关系；②负面：网络的不健康也会给青少年网民带来危害，如：在网上浏览不良信息，有的超时无节制上网，影响学习和身体健康等。

第七单元人们生活方式的变化

1、改革开放前后人们衣食住行的变迁：（1）主要变化：

衣：改革开放前凭布票供应，色彩和样式单调，千篇一律的中山装、解放装。改革开放后衣着日益丰富，服饰成为人们显示风度，展示个性的方式。