奥巴马简介材料中英

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奥巴马简介材料中英（精选3篇）

篇1：奥巴马简介材料中英

Hello，Chicago!If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.芝城父老，别来无恙，余尝闻世人有疑，不知当今美利坚凡事皆可成就耶？开国先贤之志方岿然于世耶？民主之伟力不减于昔年耶？凡存诸疑者，今夕当可释然。

It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference.今夕之释然，皆蒙美利坚民众之协力——学塾祠庙之外，市井乡野之间，万千父老心焦似焚，苦待竟日，愿献一票之力。其中，平生未尝涉国事者，数亦不少，而今有此义举，皆因一念不衰——今夫天下，非同既往，愿发吁天之声，必成动地之势。

It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled.Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states.We are, and always will be, the United States of America.今夕之释然，皆仰吾国同胞之齐心——何谈贫富老幼之差、党社宗族之异，惶论发肤肌体之别、志趣爱恶之分。吾国既以“合众”为名，吾辈则更无疏离之意，红蓝二党幷肩而立，数十邦州挽手相合，无分你我，共称一家，昂然于世，齐声一呼，天下乃有此释然。

It’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.今夕之释然，皆因愤懑者之镇静，忧惧者之勇气，犹疑者之笃定——平素世间种种，消磨其志向，溃灭其梦想，而值此风云之际，除旧更新，当仁不让，倾力而动乾坤者，更何人哉！

It’s been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment change has come to America.俟之诚久，其志弥坚。幸天地明察，乃有今日，乃有此刻，乃有此一选举，乃有我亿万美利坚大好国民——吾邦之大变革，方得自兹而始也！

A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call from Sen.McCain.Sen.McCain fought long and hard in this campaign.And he’s fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves.He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine.We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader.I congratulate him;I congratulate Gov.Palin for all that they’ve achieved.And I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead.顷接参议员麦君凯恩电，虽未得晤，幸有一谈，其言谆谆，其意诚诚，鄙人感佩之至。选战期内，麦君劳碌几重，奔波几许，皆为国家计。诸般求索，时日良多，皆非余所能及。于国于民之惊人牺牲，亦非庸庸如吾辈者所可想见。以麦君之胆魄襟怀，能为吾邦所用，实国家之幸，万民之幸也。前途漫漫，其事未竟，余所盼瞩由衷者，唯共麦凯恩君、佩林君，及诸贤士比肩，会吾等之绵力，成吾邦之大业。

I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.乔君拜登，亦吾所感铭至深者也。竞选之业，艰险不足与外人道，幸有乔君之辅佐，其诚天可鉴之。乔君其人，素言恳辞切，意笃情真，盖尝经斯兰克顿街乡邻之提命，饱聆特拉华州父老之晤教也。他日余既登总统之位，乔君必当副之。

And I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation’s next first lady Michelle Obama.拙荆米氏，追随鄙人凡一十六年，既为爱侣，更为挚友，既为吾阖家之基石，又乃余终生之至爱。鄙人尝自忖度，倘无贤妻若此，今朝阔论高谈于此处者，不知何人矣！

Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine.And you have earned the new puppy that’s coming with us to the new White House.小女萨沙、玛丽，余素深喜之。昔日为父尝与汝等言，此番选战若得一胜，愿购小犬一头相赠，待阖家乔迁总统府邸之日，偕汝等同进吾宅。今当胜负已出，既有一诺在前，必自践行不欺也。

And while she’s no longer with us, I know my grandmother’s watching, along with the family that made me who I am.I miss them tonight.I know that my debt to them is beyond measure.祖母大人虽已仙逝，料必有灵在天，俯察人寰，想应颔首开颜矣。吾奥巴马氏列祖列宗，亦当如是。今日今时，此情此景，鄙人追思之心，乌鸟之情，曷其有极！唯生死陌路，仙凡有别，虽怀反哺之心，而无答报之门也！

To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all the support that you’ve given me.I am grateful to them.至若玛雅、艾玛二姐妹，以及吾家诸同胞，所惠我者，亦属良多，久沐恩德，此当拜谢。

And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best — the best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States of America.To my chief strategist David Axelrod who’s been a partner with me every step of the way.To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.大卫•普劳夫君，大卫•阿克塞罗德君，一为鄙人竞选事务之经理，一为鄙人国事韬略之智囊。余尝自喟叹，左右谋士，余所仰赖者，皆亘古未见之贤才。普阿二君，则更此中之翘楚。区区不才，有何德能，可得膀臂若此？当此功成之际，感荷之心，亦自拳拳。

But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to.It belongs to you.It belongs to you.至于鄙人铭之肺腑，须臾不敢忘怀者，则诸位也。盖今日鄙人之胜绩，实诸位之胜绩，鄙人之荣光，实诸位之荣光！

I was never the likeliest candidate for this office.We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements.Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington.It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston.It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause.余素朴陋，虽有参选之心，幷无必胜之志。谋事之初，银资乏匮，从者寥寥；起事之地，皆蔽寓荒斋，不在高阁；成事之基，无非寻常百姓，涓滴之献。

It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished from the Earth.今日之胜，有赖一众热血青年，抛其家，别其室，不辞其苦，不计其酬，矻矻于此——“国中青年爱国之心已泯”之谬论，今可休矣！今日之胜，有赖壮志未已之诸前辈，无惧寒暑，行走奔波，劝说民众。今日之胜，乃数百万美利坚民众之胜，察其意，皆属踊跃为国，观其行，处处谨严有序，足堪告慰二百年前开国之先贤 ——民有、民治、民享之政体，未尝动摇也！

This is your victory.嗟夫！此实诸位之功也！

I know you didn’t do this just to win an election.And I know you didn’t do it for me.You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead.For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime — two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century.余知诸君之意非在此一选举，亦非在鄙人一身。盖瞻前路之艰辛，益知此任非同小可也。虽今夕欢贺于此，而明朝酒醒，大患仍自当前，不容有怠——两地烽烟熊熊而起，四海之内纷纷而乱，金融业界惶惶而不得宁。

Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after the children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage or pay their doctors’ bills or save enough for their child’s college education.There’s new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build, and threats to meet, alliances to repair.是夜，饮宴笙歌之声不绝于耳，而异邦大漠群山中，吾国大好青年，兀自苦戍边塞，惝恍竟夜，性命尚未得安。吾国千万庶民，为人父母者，兀自惴惴难眠，所忧者，乃房宅所贷、病患之费、抚育之资也。至若吾国能源之耗，百业之兴，庠序之教，攻伐之术，怀远之道，亦皆吾等忡忡挂怀者也。

The road ahead will be long.Our climb will be steep.We may not get there in one year or even in one term.But, America, I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there.I promise you, we as a people will get there.渺渺乎其远，如不可达，危危乎其高，若不可攀。朝夕岁月，焉得成就？余不揣愚钝，愿以四载韶华，付诸此业，胜算何如虽不可知，然昂扬必胜之奇志，成就伟业之壮怀，平生未之有也。君子一诺，其重何如，此地今夕，愿斗胆发一狂言——吾辈既在，其事必成！

There will be setbacks and false starts.There are many who won’t agree with every decision or policy I make as president.And we know the government can’t solve every problem.But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face.I will listen to you, especially when we disagree.And, above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way it’s been done in America for 221 years — block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.逶迤坎坷，份内之事。异见争端，料必有之。国中之政府，谅非无所不能者。余所秉承不移者，唯忠信矣。倘有危难于前，必无欺瞒于世。诸君言论臧否，纵悖逆相左之议，余必当洗耳以聆。于此之外，更当恳请诸君，不吝心血，致力报效，以振吾美利坚重兴之业。余亦别无他想，唯盼吾侪协力，延继吾国既肇二百二十一年之大统，汇涓滴之力，而成万世之业。

What began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night.This victory alone is not the change we seek.It is only the chance for us to make that change.And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were.It can’t happen without you, without a new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice.昔年冬日，余有志于斯，投身此业，屈指算来，倏然近二载矣。当此秋夜，追思反省，仍无溃退逃亡之意。选战之胜，无非一役之功，余梦寐所思矢志所求者，非在乎此。溯源究本，此役之胜，不过革世变时一大好良机耳。倘止步于斯，垂手而待，或无诸君倾力相援，则壮志丰功，无非泡影，诸般梦想，终必虚妄。

So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other.Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything, it’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers.In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people.爱国之心，报国之念，吾人固有之，然逢今日之世，此心此念亦当一变——吾辈各执己业，益当各竭其力，各尽其命，非但为一己之利，而更期普世之荣。今岁，金融业界动荡多舛，细审观之，当可以之为鉴——实业之损，亦是金融之伤。可知，既在邦域之内，吾辈荣辱休戚，皆相与共矣！

篇2：奥巴马简介材料中英

英语是世界上最受欢迎, 也是应用最广的一门语言。其声调抑扬顿挫, 音节轻重缓急, 节奏清晰明快, 富有音乐美 (朱成鹏、白志敏, 1994) , 因此, 语调也经常被称为“语言的韵律”。目前关于英语语调的研究多为传统的研究, 对于英语语调在语篇中的功能研究更是凤毛麟角 (曲明文, 2006) , 本文从口语语篇的实例分析入手, 对英语语调的实际应用作一探讨。

二、英语语调的语法功能

在口头交流中, 英语语调对表达意思、传递信息起着重要的作用, 它使听话者更加容易理解说话者所要传递的信息。英语语调的语法功能已被广泛地接受, 它把语调与句子结构联系起来改变语调。语调与语法紧密相关, 我们甚至可以说它是语法的一部分。如: (本文语料皆选自奥巴马总统的就职演说)

1. Forty-four Americans/have now`taken/the presidential`oath.

2. That we are in the midst of′crisis/is now well`understood.

(“/”表示停顿, “`”表示降调, “′”表示声调, “ˇ”表示降升调, “^”表示升降调, 下同)

陈述句中用降调标志一句话的结束, 表示说话者的肯定语气。升调则常用于疑问句中, 尤其是一般疑问句。降升调表示限制性肯定, 通常含有言外之意。一般情况下, 陈述句、祈使句、感叹句和特殊疑问句使用降调, 一般疑问句使用升调, 其它句型和从句也都有固定的语调模式 (朱成鹏、白志敏, 1994) 。但是需要注意一点, 在句型与声调之间没有一对一的联系, 它们是两个各自独立的系统, 却互相和谐地对语篇的意义起着重要作用。

三、英语语调的表态功能

语调最普通的功能就是用来表达态度或情感。在口头交流中, 我们使用声调来告诉听话者我们的感觉、状态还有处境。相同的一句话如果我们以不同的语调来表达, 就可能是生气、高兴、感激、厌烦等情绪。但在实际的交流中, 语调是根据情境或说话者的不同而发生变化的。英语语调在口语表达中具有显著的表态作用, 有重要的修辞价值。如:

1.`Homes have been`lost;`jobs`shed;`businesses`shuttered.Our health`care is too`costly;our`schools`fail too many...

2.On this`day, we gather because we have chosen`hope over`fear, unity of`purpose over`conflict and`discord.On this`day, we come to proclaim an`end to the petty`grievances and`false promises, the`recriminations and worn out`dogmas, that for far too long have`strangled our`politics.

这两段话中说话者奥巴马都运用了排比句, 并且句子的调心都用了降调, 表示其对于解决经济危机问题态度的坚决和肯定, 对于安抚和鼓励美国人民受挫的信心起到了重要作用。

尽管我们可以简单地说语调和态度相关联, 却不得不承认它们之间也没有直接的对应关系。人们在表达态度或情感时还结合了其它复杂的成分, 如:声音条件、词汇选择、非语言行为、语境等。

四、英语语调的强调功能

语言中英语的强调手段多种多样。英语语调的强调功能是指说话者为了表达自己的思想感情, 在讲话时, 利用停顿、增加音素的长度、加强重音等语音手段, 对句子的某个或某些词加以强调 (朱成鹏、白志敏, 1994) 。当说话者想要在话语中强调某个信息的时候, 最有效的方法就是变该词为调核重音, 由音调的变化表示话语中的主次要信息。如:

1. But know this, America-theyˇwill be`met.

2.... the God-given promise that`all are equal, `all are free, and`all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

3. All this we`can do.And all this we`will do.

节选的这三句话, 说话者奥巴马都利用了语调的变化强调了某一部分内容 (强调部分加粗表示) 。例句一奥巴马在美国公民面前肯定地表示了面对危机, 所有的困难政府都将会解决的决心。同时“will”一词运用了降升调, 表示了对于问题解决时间的不确定性, 但是这只是一个时间问题。例句2中, 奥巴马想要强调的是世界所有人民平等、自由、追求幸福的权利, 体现了美国平等自由的思想。最后的例子则是坚定地鼓励了所有民众应该各尽其职、各尽其能为国家的发展作出贡献。

五、结语

英语语调是语言学研究一个较复杂的分支, 正如韩礼德所说, 语篇分析中取得的最令人兴奋的发展是在语调方面的研究。本文属首次分析了英语语调在口语语篇实例中的表意功能, 还需要更多学者作进一步的研究与扩展。

参考文献

[1]Brown, G., Yule, G.Discourse Analysis.Cambridge:Cam-bridge University Press, 1983.

[2]Halliday, M.A.K.Introduction and Grammar in British English.The Hague:Mouton, 1967.

[3]Halliday, M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar.London:Arnold, 1985.

[4]McCatthy, M.Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002.

[5]Roach, P.English Phonetics and Phonology:A Practical Course.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.

[6]曲明文.英语语调在口头语篇中的意义[J].外语教学, 2006, (3) .

篇3：奥巴马简介材料中英

关键词元话语 分类 交际元话语 互动元话语

中图分类号:H03文献标识码:A

1 引言

语言是交际的一种手段,而交际不仅涉及信息、物品或服务的交换,而且涉及交际双方的个性、态度和观点。而元话语则可以帮助我们了解说话人或作者对语篇内容和读者/听话者(以下合称“受众”)的态度。什么是元话语?元话语一词最早由Zellig Harris 提出, 早先常常被称作“关于话语的话语”和“关于谈话的谈话”(Hyland, 2005),到现在它被定义为“用来协商语篇互动意义的自我反省表达形式,能帮助作者/说话人表达观点,与作为社会成员的读者进行交际。(Hyland, 2008)”。

语言包含两个层面:基本话语 (primary discourse) 和元话语(metadiscourse)。Hyland和T se(2004: 157)认为,对元话语的理解有狭义和广义之分,狭义的观点是,强调话语的组织篇章的功能;广义的观点是,元话语体现了作者在篇章中所表现出来的运用语言和修辞的方法以及把话语组织和话语含义结合起来的方法。元话语的分类存在许多不同意见,使人莫衷一是,但大多数分类都是基于由Vande Kopple(1985)的分类上。目前,中国社会科学院语言所的徐赳赳将元话语分为了三大类词语元话语、标点元话语、视觉元话语。

笔者基于前人的研究成果对中英文学校简介的元话语使用情况进行比较,需要强调的是笔者谈的元话语是书面语。笔者分别考察了五个国外著名学府的英文简介和五个国内著名学府的中文简介,以此来进行比较。

2 元话语分类及讨论

元话语可以分为三大类:词语元话语、标点元话语、视觉元元话语。

2.1词语元话语

对元话语分类的讨论主要集中在词汇类,从目前研究来看,主要有三种分法: (1)篇章元话语(textual metadiscourse)和人际元话语( interpersonal metadiscourse); (2)交际元话语( interactive resources)和互动式元话语( interactional resources); (3)内部篇章元话语( intra-textual)和外部篇章元话语( inter-textual)。我们现就第二种分类来进行分析。

根据Hyland(2008)交际元话语包含:过渡语(transitions),框架标记(frame markers)回指标记(endophoric markers),言据标记(evidentials)、语码注释(code glosses);而互动元话语包含:模糊语(hedges)、增强语(boosters)、态度标记(ttitude markers)、自称语(self mentions)、介入标记(engagement markers)

英文学校简介中出现的框架标记回指标记言据标记语码注释比较少,过渡语的比例也不大。而中文学校简介中,交际元话语相对出现较多且尤以过渡语出现较多,也就是说,就交际元话语来说,中文学校简介比英文学校简介使用的频率较多。举例如下:

But it is not just longevity and global reach过渡语

However, you can ask students and professors about their research. Also, displays of various projects are posted on the walls of most departments. 过渡语

也是当时中国最高教育行政机关。过渡语

据不完全统计,北京大学的校友和教师有400多位两院院士 言据标记

并成为国家“211工程”重点建设的两所大学之一。过渡语

然而,在学校简介中,互动元话语的情况则相反。英文学校在简介中大量使用了介入标记、自称语等。例:

you are visiting for more detailed instructions 介入标记

we hope you have a day to spend in Cambridge 自称语、介入标记

There are labs you might not have heard of, activities that you might expect, and others that will surprise you. Let us show you around. 模糊语、介入标记

Caltech students are very friendly and approachable. They also are refreshingly honest. Most will be happy to tell you about their classes,增强语

we do not offer tours of or access to the labs.(自称语)

Perhaps the best way to get to know Caltech is to soak up(模糊语)

we are delighted that via this website you are joining that long tradition.态度标记

That is why we believe that the greater we can make Oxford, the greater its contribution to the well-being of the world you and I share. 自称语通过使用第二人称代词、评价性评语等互动话语能使作者(本文中即学校)参与到文本中从而更清晰地表达信息并激发读者参与的激情。然而,在中文学校简介中几乎很少看到有互动元话语。也这可能主要是因为中国人写文章讲求严谨,客观性,而少有考虑到与学生的互动。

2.2标点元话语

在书面文本中,各种各样的标点符号及版面排版等,例如:下划线、首字母大写等也能表明文本的重点和作者的态度。(Crismore et al 1993)Hyland和Tse (2004: 157)认为,通过使用元话语,作者就可以把单调的、零散的篇章组成相互关联的、读者所喜爱的篇章,元话语还可把篇章跟语境联系起来,表达作者的人际意义,提高篇章的可信度,提高读者的阅读兴趣。从这个角度看,元话语是属于功能的范畴,因此,有些标点、句子排列的次序等都可列入元话语的范畴。在中英文学校简介中有例:

They would love the challenge!

豫章故郡,旧邦维新,我们一起见证江西在中部的崛起!

斯文正印,继往开来,我们相与共建昌大在中华之腾飞!

形成了“前湖之风”周末讲坛

2.3视觉元话语

人们对元话语的研究都集中在篇章本身,给人的感觉好像篇章只是涉及词、句子和段落。其实,元话语还应包括篇章的视觉成分,如版面排版、颜色搭配等。

在中英文各大学的学校简介中我们可看到许多附上的彩图,从而在视觉上给读者以冲击力,以吸引更多的学生到校求学。

3 结语

从以上比较我们可看出英文学校简介更注重与学生的平等对话,且英语国家重视受教育的公平性人性化管理。英国的教育注重人本化,以人为本是教育的核心理念学校与学生没有教育方(老师)和受教育方(学生)尊严的隔阂,更多的是民主平等的师生关系,是人与人之间的平等沟通。在中国的学校似乎将学生永远放置在从属地位。对于学生而言,对老师的绝对服从就是尊师的体现——“尊师如尊父”。所以在中国的学校简介中,只是将大量的有关学校的信息灌输给学生,学生只是被动地接受信息。而没有注重与学生互动,以便引起学生积极性。

中国已经加入WTO多年,我们在经济和社会与国际接轨的同时,也要注重教育与国际的接轨,在面向各国宣传学校文化时,可以在元话语的使用上做适当调整,使我们的学校及教育更容易被全世界的大众所接受。相信随着中西文化交流的日益加深,人们之间的距离会逐渐变小,希望通过对中英教育文化中的几个非常具有代表性方面的略述,能够提供中西方文化交流、取长补短的方便。

参考文献

[1] yland,K.Metadiscourse:ExploringInteractioninWriting[M].London:Continuum,2005.

[2] Hyland,K.Metadiscourse.2008.

[3] 徐赳赳.关于元话语的范围和分类[J].当代语言学,2006(4):345～353.