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英语作文范文_英语作文网(精选6篇)

篇1:英语作文范文_英语作文网

饮食与健康的英语作文_英语作文

【范文】

Last night, I ate a lot of food, such as KFC and ice cream, before I slept, I ate some cold food in the fridge. At midnight, I felt my stomach hurt badly, my family was woke up, they sent me to the hospital. After seeing the doctor, he told me that I had eaten too much food, what’s more, the food was not healthy, so it hurt my stomach. Since then, I realized that I should not eat the rubbish food often, I should keep the healthy diet. Now my diet is regular, I won’t take in much food before sleeping, my body is becoming healthy. In the morning, I eat an egg and make sure I take in enough vitamins. Even when I see the rubbish food is tempting, I take no hesitation to say no to them. I am so proud of myself.

【翻译】

昨晚,我吃了很多事物,比如肯德基和冰淇淋,在睡觉前,我吃了一些在冰箱里面的`冷食物。半夜里,我觉得胃疼得厉害,我的家人被吵醒了,他们把我送到了医院。看过了医生以后,医生告诉我吃了太多的东西,而且,吃的都是不健康的食物,因此我的胃才会那么疼。打从那时起,我意识到自己不能经常吃垃圾食品,我应该保持健康的饮食。现在我的饮食很健康,我不会在睡觉前吃很多东西,我的身体变得健康。早上,我吃了一个鸡蛋,确保我吸收足够的营养。即使当我看到很诱惑的垃圾食品时,我也毫不犹豫地说不。我为自己感到自豪。

篇2:英语作文范文_英语作文网

乱我心者,今日之日多烦忧

The World Expo in 2010(2010年世博会)

The World Expo in 2010

Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia.So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians.()ur government

has promised that it will be the best one.And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly.As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai.The World Expo in 2010

Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia.So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians.Our government has promised that it will be the best one.And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly.As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai.Shanghai Embraces Expo

Celebrations spread across China when Shanghai, the Oriental Pearl was given the right to host the right to host the 2010 World Expo on December3.Shanghai won the honor after beating rivals from Russia, Mexio, Poland and South Korea.Bidding for the Expo shows that China is more confident of playing a more important role on international stage.It is competing for large events and the next one could be the World Cup.The World Expo is known as the “Olympics of the economic,cultural,scientific and technological fields'.It is usually held every 5 years and lates for six months.2010年世博会的脚步离我们越来越近。文明和谐的呼唤更是犹在耳边。中国上海获得2010年世博会举办权。中国2010年上海世博会将是世界的盛会。是上海新一轮发展千载难逢的大好机遇。更是我国民族精神的重要体现。

世界博览会是一项具有巨大影响和悠久历史的国际性活动。也是人类的盛大聚会。人们从世界各地汇聚一处。展示各自的产品与技艺。夸耀各自的故乡和祖国。世博会集人类文明之大成。因而具备了无与伦比的感染力。使人心情激荡。

世博会(奥运)是平台。我是主人

它为我们搭起了平台。让世界了解我们,它为我们建造了桥梁。让我们与世界更好地沟通。这个平台可以让我们尽情展现自己。我是这里的主人。我要尽地主之谊。让来宾感受到热情与欢乐。

我要努力成为世博会的光荣志愿者。

人人都在为世博做贡献。我也不例外。作为一个生活在浦东这块热土上的小学生。我们倍感骄傲与自豪。在憧憬美好明天的同时。我们也要为世博会的精彩尽自己的一份力。我们也要通过我们的双手。至诚至热的心和实际行动。来实现上海对全世界的承诺:[城市。让生活更美好!”等到了2010年世博会的时候。我已经是一个中学生啦!到那时。我希望成为一名光荣的志愿者。向外国朋友介绍我们日新月异的上海和历史悠久的中国。为世博会贡献自己的力量。

我将期盼世博的巨大热情转化为迎接世博的实际行动。我将与世博共成长。与城市共发展。为上海的发展奉献自己的努力。与上海携手共前进。

Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo in 2010

Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia.So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians.()ur government-has promised that it will be the best one.And Shanghai.as a host city.will have more chances to develop quickly.As a student in Shanghai.I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners

know more about Shanghai.How To Be A Lovely Citizen(如何成为一个可爱的上海人)

Great changes have taken place in Shanghai and more and more people throughout the world are focusing their attention on Shanghai now.As a citizen of Shanghai.I feel I must spare no efforts to do my bit.First.I decide to help plant more trees to make our city more beautiful.Second.I should obey seven nos and be good at learning from others.Third.I should study hard so that I can do something better for my city in the future.关于世博会英语作文:我看世博会

Right from its establishment in 1992, Shanghai International Exhibition Center has provided much needed new potential for the exhibition industry in Shanghai , becoming the birthplace of many industry definitive exhibitions in Shanghai and making acclaimed contributions to the development of Shanghai exhibition industry.With its quality exhibition facilities and excellent services,it has been the first international exhibition center in China.As a member of the exhibition industry, Shanghai International Exhibition Center is committed to perfecting its hall services to exceed customers expectations, establishing exhibition brands, enhancing our capabilities of customer service and making contributions to the development of the exhibition industry in Shanghai and China as well!

上海世博会对上海的新发展奠定了基础,发挥了作用。要是作为上海世博会的一名成员的话,应该在力所能及的范围内去帮助世博会拥有更多项超越顾客所期待的服务,让上海世博会越发展越好。

Great changes have taken place in Shanghai and more and more people throughout the world are focusing their attention on Shanghai now.As a citizen of Shanghai, I feel I must spare no efforts to do my bit.First, I decide to help plant more trees to make our city more beautiful.Second, I should obey seven nos and be good at learning

from others.Third, I should study hard so that I can do something better for my city in the future.上海世博会英语作文—China and World Expo

On December, 2002, China won the bid to hosting Expo 2010.This is the first General Exhibition hosted by a developing country;However, China has a long-standing relationship with World Expo.Chinese people have participated in World Expo since its first presence.After wining its liberation, thePeople’s Republic of China has taken part in 12 world expositions.Chinese exhibits won many prizes in previous world expositions.The Yisheng Wine was awarded with the gold medal at Expo 1906 Milan Italy;many others like the embroidery of the Portrait of Jesus, Gold Prize Brandy , and Mao-Tai Chiew were among the highlights at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition—San Francisco 1915.2002年12月31日,中国成功申办2010年世博会,这是第一次在发展中国家举办的综合类世博会。但中国与世博会的渊源可长呢,从第一届世博会起,就有中国人参展。建国后,中国也参加了12届世博会。并且中国的展品在历届世博会上获得过很多奖项,比如在首届世博会上,来自中国上海的商人徐荣村,就凭其自己的“荣记湖丝”获金、银大奖;“颐生酒”在1906年意大利米兰世博会上获金奖,还有《耶稣像》刺绣、金奖白兰地和著名的茅台酒等都在1915年旧金山巴拿马世博会上傲视群雄。

篇3:英语作文范文_英语作文网

一、动词pride的搭配用法

在《100篇》p.18上,有以下一句:

He prides himself in the fact that he does not have to workhard to be better than others and gives up learning completely.

笔者认为, 原句中“prides himself in”的搭配用法有误。on。例如 :

1.She prided herself on her ability to speak eight languages/on knowing eight languages.她对自己会说八种语言感到得意 。

2.She had always prided herself on her appearance.她 总是对自己的外貌感到得意。

3.He prides himself on remaining calm in an emergency.他 在紧急关头十分镇静,为此感到骄傲。

当pride作名词用 时 ,可用于“take (a) pride in sth./doingsth.”的词组中 ,这时 ,介词要用in,而不用on。例如 :

1.I take(a)pride in my work.我为自己的工作感到骄傲。

2.We take great pride in offering the best service in town. 我们以能够提供全城最好的服务而自豪。

从上述实例中,我们可以看出,pride既可作动词用,又可作名词用,但是各自所用的介词是不同的。因此,原句宜改为:He prides himself on the fact that he does not have to work hard tobe better than others and gives up learning completely. 也可改为 :He takes(a)pride in the fact that he does not have to work hard tobe better than others and gives up learning completely.

二、动词contribute的搭配用法

在《100篇》p.68上,有以下一句:

I believe that the three R principles can contribute a lot toreach the eco-friendly destination.

笔者认为原句中的动词“contribute”用法有误。“contributeto”作“有助于 ,促成 ;是……的部分原因”解 ,其中的to是介词 ,后面跟sth.或doing sth.,不跟to do sth.。例如:

1.Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. 充足的新鲜空气有益于身体健康。

2.The driver’s carelessness contributed to the accident. 司 机的粗心大意是造成这场事故的原因之一。

3.Can robots contribute to preventing environmental deterioration?机器人能有助于阻止环境的恶化吗 ?

4.As is known to us,good learning habits contribute to improving?learning efficiency. 众 所周知 , 好的学习习惯有助于提高学习效率。

从上述实例中, 我们可以看出,“contribute to”词组中的“to”是介词,不是不定式符号。因此,原句宜改为:I believe thatthe three R principles can contribute a lot to reaching the eco friendly destination. 也可改为 :I believe that the three R principles can help a lot to reach the eco -friendly destination. ( 把contribute改为help,其后可跟 (to)do sth.)

三、动词see的搭配用法

在《100篇》p.84和p.86上,分别有以下一句:

As far as I see it,the resentment towards the rich results fromthe widening gap between the rich and the poor and also the impression that“rich guys usually get their way”.

As far as I see it,there are two main advantages—environmentally-friendly and healthy.

笔者认为,以上两句中的动词“see”用法有误,“as far as Isee it”不符合英语的表达习惯。在要表达 “在我看来 ,依我看来,依我之见,就我所知”时,英语中,我们既可说“as far as Ican see”,又可说“as I see it”。前者没用it,后者不可缺少it,二者不可混用。例如:

1.That’s the problem as far as I can see. 在 我 看 来 , 那 就 是问题所在。

2.As far as I can see,at least four different weapons wereused.依我之见 ,至少使用过四种不同的武器 。

3.As I see it,there are two alternatives.We can either staywith your parents or rent a place.在 我看来 ,有两种选择 。 我们可以跟你父母住也可以租房住。

4.As I see it (=according to my view of the situation),theblame lies with the driver.依 我看 ,这责任在司机 。

从以上实例中,不难看出,英语中无“as far as I see it”的搭配用法。因此,原句宜改为:1. As far as I can see,the resentmenttowards the rich results from the widening gap between the richand the poor and also the impression that“rich guys usually gettheir way”.2. As far as I can see,there are two main advantages—environmentally-friendly and healthy.也可改为 :1. As I see it,theresentment towards the rich results from the widening gap betweenthe rich and the poor and also the impression that“rich guys usually get their way”. 2.As I see it,there are two main advantages—environmentally-friendly and healthy.

四、动词justify的搭配用法

在《100篇》p.169上,有以下一句:

In conclusion,universities are justified to bond with enterprises and accept their financial support.

笔者认为,原句中的动词“justify”用法有误。根据英语的表达习惯,“be justified”后一般不跟“to do sth.”,而要用“in doing sth.”或“in sth.”, “be justified in doing sth./sth.”是固定 搭配用法。例如:

1.She felt fully justified in asking for a refund.她 觉得有充足的理由要求退款。

2.I think I’m completely justified in asking for her resignation.我 认为 ,我要求她辞职是完全合理的 。

3.Is he justified in his criticisms?他的批评有道理吗 ?

4.Charwell had been perfectly justified in his action. 查 威尔的行为已证明是完全正当的。

从上述实例中,我们可以看出,“be justified”后不可跟“to dosth.”。因此, 原句宜改为:In conclusion,universities are justifiedin bonding with enterprises and accepting their financial support.

五、动词result的搭配用法

在《100篇》p.212上,有以下一句:

In my opinion,the upsurge is resulted from two-fold factors.

笔者认为,原句中的动词“result”用法有误。根据英语的表达习惯,“result from”和“result in”都用主动式,不可用被动式。例如:

1.The damage resulted from the fire.这损失由火灾所致 。

2.His lameness resulted from an accident. 一次事故造成了他的跛足。

3.Sickness often results from eating too much.过 量进食常会导致疾病。

4.The game resulted in a win for our side.比赛结果为我方获胜。

从上述实例中,我们可以看出,动词词组“result from”不可用于被动式。因此,原句宜改为:In my opinion,the upsurge results from two-fold factors.也可改为 :In my opinion,two-fold factors result in the upsurge.

六、动词reward的搭配用法

在《六级》2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第三套)作文高分范文中,有以下一句:

During his lifetime which symbolizes the triumph of the human spirit,Nelson Mandela was rewarded the 1993 Nobel PeacePrize.

笔者认为,原句中的动词“reward”用法有误。在英语中,动词“reward”和“award”在用法上是有区分的。

动词“reward”作“报答;奖励”解,常用于“reward sb.for(doing)sth.”和“reward sb.with sth.”的句型中 ,前者“with”后跟的名称是具体名称,表示所奖励的物品等,后者“for”所跟的成分表示奖励的原因。有时,二者可合用,即“reward sb.with…for(doing)sth.”。例如 :

1.She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with asmile.她开始给孩子唱歌 ,孩子则报以微笑 。

2.They rewarded him (for his great help)with a gift of money.他们奖给他一笔钱(以酬谢他鼎力帮助。

3.They rewarded the boy with £5 for bringing back the lostdog.他们因男孩带回那条走失的狗奖给他5英 镑 。

动词“award”作“授予;给予”解,可用在“award sb.sth.”和“award sth.to sb.”的句型中 ,其中的名称为奖品或荣誉称号等。例如:

1.They awarded him a medal.他们授予他一枚奖章。

2.I was awarded the Nobel Prize.我获得了诺贝尔奖。

3.The prize was awarded to me for excellence in French. 我因法语成绩优异而获奖

4.The degree of B.A.was awarded to him.他 被授予文学学士学位。

从上述实例中,我们可以看出,动词“reward”和“award”的不同用法。因此,原句宜改为:During his lifetime which symbolizes the triumph of the human spirit,Nelson Mandela was awardedthe 1993 Nobel Peace Prize.

七、动词arouse的搭配用法

在《新题型预测》“Should Rewards for Doing A Good Deedbe Promoted?”的作文范文里 ,有以下一句 :

However,in recent years there has aroused a heated debatedas to whether people should be rewarded for doing a good deed.

笔者认为,原句中动词“arouse”用法有误。在由“There”开头的句子中, 其后的动词不能用及物动词, 往往用不及物动词,如come,remain,lie,stand,arise及exist,等等。主语退居后面,目的是突出主语的意义分量。例如:

1.There comes a point where you give up.现在该你认输了。

2.There remains the problem of finance.财政问题仍然存在。

3.There lies a large field of rice in front of our village. 在我们的村庄前面有一大片稻田。

4.There stands a high monument in the middle of the square.广场中央矗立着一座高大的纪念碑。

5.There arises a certain insincerity in our philosophic discussions.在我们哲学的讨论里发生了一种不诚实的情况 。

6.There always exists a force of attraction between two bodies.两个物体之间永远存在着吸引力。

从上述实例中,我们可以看出,动词“arouse”是及物动词,作“激起;引起”解,不能用于“There+动词(不及物动词)+主语(名称主语 )”的句型中。

因此,原句宜改为:However,in recent years there has arisena heated debate as to whether people should be rewarded for doinga good deed.动词arise作“发生 ;产生 ;出现”解 ,是不及物动词 ,可用于上述特定句型中。

篇4:英语作文范文_英语作文网

关键词:样例;不完整范文;完整范文;英语写作

[中图分类号]H319.3

[文献标识码]A

[文章编号]1006-2831(2013)08-0004-5 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-2831.2013.03.001

1 . 引言

样例(worked example)指呈现具体解题步骤、提供问题解决方法的例题。样例学习(worked example learning)是指学生在已有知识的基础上,通过阅读和思考,从例题中归纳出隐含的抽象知识,来解决问题的学习。有效的样例教学既能促进学生对新知识的理解和应用,又能促进学生独立思考和自主学习能力的提高。因此,样例学习受到认知和教育心理学家的高度重视(邢强等,2003)。近年来,随着样例学习有效性得到普遍证实,主要研究已从探讨样例学习的加工机制转移到样例设计和样例学习者个体因素。

在有关完整样例与非完整样例的学习效果上,研究者们得出了不同的结论。P a a s(1992)的研究结果是不完整样例和完整样例学习效果无显著差异。Renkl等(2002,2003)和邢强、莫雷(2003)的实验结果是不完整样例的学习效果好于完整样例的学习效果。王瑶、张奇(2012)将有关样例的研究范式推广到范文学习和写作实验研究中。他们在一篇完整范文基础上设计8篇删除不同部分的不完整范文,10组被试分别不阅读或阅读不同类型的范文,然后进行写作测试。他们发现阅读完整范文和不完整范文均有利于提高学生记叙文写作成绩,但对纠错无显著作用,而且阅读完整范文和不完整范文各实验组之间无明显差异。王初明(2012)不仅从实证上表明,而且从理论上也论证了读后续写的促学优势。

王瑶、张奇(2012)的研究仅是对比了一次阅读完整范文和非完整范文的学习效果,没有将不完整范文的阅读和补写应用到教学实践中。王初明(2012)提出的读后续写实际上是让被试补写不完整范文的结尾,也没有比较完整范文与不完整范文的长期学习效果。

尽管范文阅读正重回大学英语写作课堂,但是,所采用的范文都是完整范文。在英语作文学习中,究竟阅读完整的还是不完整的范文更能够提高大学生写作成绩呢?为此,本文拟通过一项教学实验研究探讨非完整范文的长期学习效应。

2 . 实验研究

2 . 1 研究问题

本研究力图回答下列问题:不完整范文学习是否比完整范文学习更能提高大学生英语作文成绩

2 . 2 研究被试

参加本教学实验的被试为湖北某重点高校2010级机械专业和能源专业的学生。这两个班无论是英语高考成绩还是入校时分级考试成绩均不存在显著性差异,基本情况相同。机械班(54人)为实验组,能源班(51人)为控制组。英语写作是他们的必修课。

2 . 3 实验设计

本研究是对英语写作教学中不完整范文阅读和补写效果进行的实验。实验前和实验后两个组的学生分别在40分钟内写一篇250字左右的课堂作文,题目同为“Influence of the Internet”。实验后,对实验组的学生进行问卷调查,并对部分学生进行访谈。

2 . 4 实验材料

所有范文选自L a n g a n(2007)编著的College Writing Skills with Reading,均是典型的五段式作文,是“美国大学写作课上普遍向学生推荐的一种写法”(蔡基刚,2003)。五段式作文的第一段是引言,主要是引出文章主题,并在段尾写出文章的中心思想句(thesis statement)。第二、三、四段为中间段落,是文章的正文部分,围绕中心思想句展开,依次进行论证。每一段以段落主题句开头,支撑句对主题句进行说明。支持论点之间运用衔接手段进行连接。第五段为结尾部分,对全文进行归纳和总结。这种模式作文的特点是观点阐述充分,结构严谨合理,段落层次分明,语言变化生动(蔡基刚,2003)。

不完整范文是在完整范文的基础上,删除其中的不同部分所形成的。它们是:(1)补充中心思想句式;(2)补充主题句式;(3)补充衔接手段式;(4)补充分论点的细节式;(5)补充开头段式;(6)补充中间段式(仅一段);(7)补充结尾段式。为了不破坏范文的完整性,并给学生提供足够的语境,每篇不完整范文只删除七式中的一式。如在补充中心思想句式中,只缺中心思想句,其余部分都保留。

2 . 5 实验程序

本实验在二年级下学期的写作课上进行,共16周、32学时。笔者担任两个组的写作教学工作,教学方法、课堂活动基本相同。

写作课按以下方式组织。控制组:课堂写作知识讲解+作文练习。第一节课,教师讲解写作知识后,由学生分析范文,如文章主题、结构、段落及句子衔接、闪光词句等,教师补充总结。第二节课,教师就一写作任务组织学生讨论,拟定提纲,并提供相应的语言表达,有时学生当堂完成,有时课后完成,共需完成5篇作文。课后学生参照详细的作文评估清单互评初稿,并进行反思,完成第二稿后上交作业。第三节课,教师推荐学生中的两篇好作文,由学生点评其中的优缺点,主要是优点,最后教师补充。实验组:课堂写作知识讲解+范文补写+作文练习。实验组教学与控制组基本相似,只是在学生分组讲评范文前,先根据教学要求对不完整范文分别进行上述7种方式的补写,每种补写训练两次。开始是句子,然后过渡到句群和段落。教师利用投影向学生展示好的补写作业,组织学生点评,最后回读原文,并进行比较。为保证两组的写作练习相当,实验组的学生只需完成4篇作文。

2 . 6 作文评分

本文借鉴雅各布分析量表(Jacobs et al.,1981)和英语专业四级作文评估法,从思想内容、组织结构、词汇使用和写作准确性四个方面对作文进行分项评分。

思想内容分项的满分为40分,主要考查观点是否清晰,例证是否充分,题材是否有意义,见解是否独创。组织结构分项的满分为20分,主要考查作文结构是否完整,条理是否清晰,层次是否清楚,过渡是否自然流畅。

本文采用量化方法描述被试的词汇运用能力。Wolfe-Quintero等人(1998)综述了大量研究文献后发现,词汇复杂性(即高级词汇与全部词汇数量的比率)与二语的写作水平关系最为密切。本研究通过统计软件Range32及其词表来划分不同词频等级,将单词按使用频率由高到低分为3个等级:1级词汇(Baseword list 1)、2级词汇(Baseword list 2)、3级词汇(Baseword list 3以及3个词表以外的单词)。2级和3级词汇,也就是非一级词汇使用比例越高,说明使用者对高频词的依赖性越低,使用复杂词汇能力越强。本研究采用这一指标(文本中的地名、人名等专有名词和拼写错误的词已被排除,因为它们不能体现文本的词汇水平)。

二语写作准确性测量通常有三种:整体性测量、无错误T单位总数和错误总数,但这三种测量工具的信度都还有待进一步研究。本文采用秦晓晴、文秋芳(2007)的研究结果,用错误严重程度和错误总数描述作文的准确性。错误严重程度指将语法和词汇方面所出现的错误按不同程度划分为三级,分别定义为:一级错误为拼写、意义或形式上不影响理解的小错;二级错误是指那些只有在上下文的帮助下才能理解的语句;三级错误是指形式上或意义上严重偏离,并完全干扰了文本的理解的错误。笔者将文本中出现的错误一一确定错误等级,然后赋予分值,一级错误-0.2,二级错误 -0.4,三级错误 -0.8,最后计算总分。如果一个句子中出现多处错误,只计一处最严重的错误,避免以句为单位重复计算。这种方法可以兼顾错误严重程度和错误总数。

由于句法复杂性和句法多样性的测量难度较大,本文暂且不考虑,虽然句法能力对写作水平有重大影响

从实验组和控制组各随机抽取30名被试,将他们前后两次作文输入电脑,共计120篇。全部文章编码顺序打乱后,由两名熟练掌握大学英语写作评分指标的英语教师评阅被试作文的思想内容和组织结构得分。不一致的评分经两人讨论,最后达成一致分数。

3 . 结果

3 . 1 前测作文比较

实验前两个组的被试参加了作文测试,并对作文成绩进行独立样本T检验(见表1)。结果表明,在作文内容、结构、词汇、准确性等方面,实验组与控制组无显著差异。笔者在分析文本时发现,很多学生中心思想不明确,只有论点而无论证,条理紊乱,导致内容、结构得分都很低。另外,学生过分依赖使用高频词,非一级词汇使用仅为13%;抽象词使用较多,具体词使用较少,词汇重复率高,词汇运用非常贫乏。而且,学生写作规范意识模糊,标点符号滥用,句子主语不明确或句子结构不完整,作文错误较多。

3 . 2 后测作文比较

实验后两个组的被试再次参加了作文测试,并对作文成绩进行独立样本T检验(见表2)。结果表明,在作文内容和结构方面,实验组明显优于控制组;在词汇方面,两组无显著差异;在准确性方面,虽然实验组优于控制组,但差异不显著。最后对两个组的作文分别进行配对样本T检验,无论是控制组还是实验组,在四个分项上进步明显,可见大量作文练习是提高英语写作水平的有效途径。

3 . 3 问卷调查结果

实验组的54名被试参加了问卷调查,有效问卷48份。问卷调查的信度系数为a=.802,说明该问卷可信。从表3的统计结果可了解实验组学生对不完整范文补写的看法。75%的学生喜欢范文补写;超过七成的学生认为范文补写有利于掌握范文的内容和结构、习得范文词汇。超过六成的学生在自己作文时知道如何运用语篇知识,在回读原文时,会关注语言的意义及形式。72.9%的学生希望继续在写作课堂上开展范文补写活动。在对7名学生的访谈中,学生表示范文补写能降低他们写作的焦虑,增加写作的信心

4 . 讨论

4 . 1 范文补写的益处

实验结果表明,非英语专业大学生补写不完整范文,有利于作文内容和结构分项成绩的提高。

随着语篇语言学的深入研究,研究者们发现阅读和写作几乎是两个相同的过程,拥有相似的认知机制和行为(陈立平,2000)。因此,我们可以说,阅读和写作相互依存,相互作用。范文补写比单纯的范文阅读更能紧密地将阅读与写作结合起来。因为要完成好补写任务,学生必须认真阅读范文、充分理解范文,以保证补写内容与范文内容的连贯性和完整性。为写而读,为读而写,理解与产出紧密结合,加大协同力度,提高外语学习效果(王初明,2012)。

范文补写将模仿与创造有机地结合起来。在理解范文的基础上创造性地补写内容,这不是简单的模仿,需发挥想象力(王初明,2012)。因此,范文补写有利于学生开阔思路、获取写作素材及经验,丰富文章内容。

范文补写有利于学生对语篇知识的掌握和运用,提高作文的组织结构。王立非(2002)的实验结果表明,作文语篇知识教学可以扩大学生的作文语篇知识面,但不能直接提高实际英语写作水平,只能慢慢起作用。这是因为学会运用语篇知识需要长期、大量的练习,才能将陈述性知识变为程序性知识。而范文补写将写作任务进行分解,集中训练某一项或几项语篇技能,这不仅能提高练习的密度,还能提高练习的质量。而通过样例导致的练习的质量和密度的提高必然促进技能的熟练(张春莉,2001)。另外,根据Sweller等人(1988,1994)的认知负荷理论(cognitive load theory),通过对不完整范文的深度加工,更有助于图式的获得和规则的自动化,减轻工作记忆中的认知负荷。在紧张的作文测试中,被试可以较自如地运用语篇知识,布局谋篇。

范文补写有利于作文准确性的提高。从实验结果可知,在作文准确性方面,实验组优于控制组。这是因为完成补写任务后,学生会将补写内容与原文进行比较的同时,观察范文是如何遣词造句、表达思想的,目的比单纯的阅读更明确。学生通过向范文的语言看齐,提高自我监察意识、培养自我纠错能力,逐渐减少语言错误(王初明,2012)。另一方面,实验组在准确性方面的优势还差一点才达到显著水平,这说明语言错误是中介语中不可避免的一部分。虽然互动协同理念不提倡教学中过度改错(王初明,2010),但教师也要给予适当的反馈,并采取有效的措施进行语法教学。样例研究成果表明,提供多样性的样例和利用不完整样例并不足以引起自发迁移,及时、明确的指导才能提高迁移(邢强等,2003)。语法教学虽然改变不了语法习得的顺序,但可以加速对语言形式的掌握,从而避免二语写作中的语法错误,以提高写作的准确性进而提高二语写作水平(戴炜栋、陈莉萍,2005)。研究者发现那些语法基本功底好的学生很少会犯严重的语言结构错误。可见,有效的语法教学仍是提高二语写作准确性的重要保障。笔者发现学生对写作规范的掌握比较快,经过几次练习后,学生在拼写、标点等方面的错误明显减少。因此,虽然可以少改错,但在作文二稿、三稿阶段,还是应该强调语言的准确性。

4 . 2 范文补写与词汇运用

本实验结果表明,在词汇分项方面,实验组与控制组后测成绩明显优于前测成绩,但两组之间无显著差异。在本教学实验中,实验组和控制组学生讲评范文时,都要分析其中的闪光词句,教师鼓励进行模仿。这种方法不仅可以引导学生“注意”范文的语言形式,并且通过“输出”来巩固语言知识,向范文的语言水平看齐,加大协同效应(王初明,2010)。范文阅读和补写创造条件,让理解与产出紧密结合,从而提高外语运用能力(王初明,2012)。

为什么实验组与控制组在词汇分项方面无显著差异呢?这是因为两组读的是相同的范文,阅读量是一样的,至于在加工层次上是否有显著差异,还须进一步研究。另外,二语写作水平的提高是一个渐进、缓慢的发展过程。词汇知识是在与新词的多次接触中逐渐建立起来的(Nation,2001),学习者不仅要有意注意、还要能验证假设和自觉反思(Swain,1985,1995),反复使用和修正,否则不会有词汇习得。因此,学生应阅读多篇范文,重视课堂教材的精调输入和课外阅读的粗调输入(Hammer,1983),并进行大量而有效的写作练习,提高语言输出的质量。

5 . 结论

本文的实验结果显示,在作文内容和结构方面,补写不完整范文比阅读完整范文更有益;在准确性方面,补写范文也表现出一定优势,虽然不显著;在词汇方面,两组无显著差异。阅读与写作是两项相对独立但又相互依赖、相辅相成的技能。范文补写是将阅读与写作紧密结合的有效途径。因此,在以英语为外语的写作课堂里,教师应该为学生提供各类相关的完整及不完整范文,并进行适当的范文补写练习,引导他们开阔思路、学习写作技巧、降低写作焦虑感,从而提高英语写作能力。同时,二语写作水平的提高是一个渐进、缓慢的发展过程,词汇和语法教学在提高二语写作水平中仍起着举足轻重的作用。

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篇5:小学英语故事作文_小学英语作文

A 58-year-old woman, mother of three, grandmother of eight, was shot twice in the head Friday night. She was driving to the Wal-Mart east of Pasadena. Only a block from her home, she saw two kids spray-painting graffiti on a new building. She honked at the kids. They continued to tag the building. She honked again. Then she got out of her car and started yelling at them to stop it. They turned around and shouted obscenities at her. She got back into her car, telling the boys that she was calling the police.

She did not notice another car behind her. The car pulled up next to her. The passenger window rolled down, and two shots were fired. The two boys, who had been watching, walked over to the woman’s car. One opened the driver’s door and grabbed her purse. The other opened the passenger door and dug through the glove compartment. Then they calmly got into their friend’s car and left the scene.

It is said, “If good people are silent, evil will win.” This woman was not silent, yet evil won. The police caught a 19-year-old who they think fired the shots. He will be tried. If convicted, he will go to prison for 20 years, where he will get free food, housing, and medical care. And where he’ll learn how to commit other crimes.

But because the prisons are so overcrowded, he will probably get out in 10 years. So, at the age of about 30, he will be out committing more crimes, while three children and eight grandchildren will never get to grow older with their grandma. For bravely speaking up, she was put down. People say that what goes around, comes around. But how often does that happen to cold-blooded murderers?

篇6:元旦英语作文300_元旦作文

元旦英语作文300_元旦作文

December 31, 20xx, cold wind blowing and cold pressing. However, primary school campus in the garden rosy a fun, hot Teng Teng. Qingyuan Dan‘s annual get-together is taking place.

About 42 class room, where colorful, decorated. Party began, the students performed some comedy, some magic performances, and some two-man comic show ... ... I am performing the Dai dance, although there is no music accompaniment, but I whisper singing mouth, put peacock shape, With the beat, I have started a beautiful wings, and dance, as if to show to the audience colorful feathers. A peacocks in full display to bring joy to the students, the classroom rounds of applause broke out ... ...

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