2015年成人高考高起点语文真题及答案

关键词: 成人高考 下列 参考答案 词语

2015年成人高考高起点语文真题及答案(共4篇)

篇1:2015年成人高考高起点语文真题及答案

一、语言知识与语言运用(24分,每小题4分)

第1题单选 下列词语中加点字的读音全都不相同的一项是

A.毗连 琵琶 筚路蓝缕

B.伶仃 拎包 身陷囹圄

C.格式 楼阁 恪尽职

D.拾掇 点缀 忧心惙惙

参考答案:D

第2题单选 下列各组词语中没有错别字的一项是

A.乖戾 过谦 荒无人烟

B.松驰 聒噪 看风使舵

C.聆听 门禁 天翻地复

D.双赢 户籍 言简意骇

参考答案:A

第3题单选 下列各句中加点的成语使用不正确的一项是

A.这两支青年足球队旗鼓相当,比赛进行得非常激烈。

B.大佛湾的上万尊雕像居然无一雷同,这在中国石窟艺术中绝无仅有。

C.为了改变经济困难的现状,老李不得不明珠暗投,开始四处打工。

D.卢梭晚年写的《忏悔录》成为世界文学史上别具一格的名著

参考答案:C

第4题单选 依次填入下列横线处的词语,恰当的一项是

从巴丹吉林沙漠西端的戈壁向北张望,_____的戈壁一色铁青,稀疏的骆驼草棵棵憔悴,一棵和另一棵之间距离很远,像是_____的战士,伫立在广漠的戈壁当中,看日月轮转,大风奔流,饱受严寒和烈日侵袭,这仿佛是它们_____的宿命。

A.一望无边 独树一帜 根深蒂固

B.阔大无疆 孤立无援 与生俱来

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C.阔大无疆 独树一帜 与生俱来

D.一望无边 孤立无援 根深蒂固

参考答案:B

第5题单选 下列句子有语病的一项是

A.电影《侏罗纪世界》公映前一周,制片方为影评人和有关专家组织过小范围试映,结果美言不多。

B.要改变目前教学内容繁、难、偏、重的状况,就必须切实转变思想观念,冲出课本和教学的误区不可。

C.科学家发现了大脑中能够控制恐惧的区域,这将有助于改进创伤后压抑症和焦虑症的治疗方法。

D.代表们从尚法守信、励学思进、务实求真等方面对如何更好地展现城市精神风貌的问题进行了讨论。

参考答案:B

第6题单选 将下列句子组成一段语意贯通的话,排序恰当的一项是

①这种梦境往往会被顽皮的鱼鹰搅破。

②忽然间鱼鹰变得异常机灵,抖着翅膀扑进水里去,山影一时都搅碎了。

③赶上天气晴朗,水面平得像玻璃,满江就会画着一片一片淡墨色的山影,模模糊糊的,使人恍惚沉进最恬静的梦境里去。

④这时渔翁站起身伸出竹篙,挑上鱼鹰,一捏它的长脖子,那鱼便被吐进竹篓里去。

⑤竹筏子的梢上停着几只鱼鹰,神气有点迟钝。

⑥一转眼,鱼鹰又浮出水面,长嘴里咬着条银色细鳞的鲢子鱼,咕嘟地吞下去。

⑦江面上不断漂着灵巧的小竹筏子,老渔翁戴着尖顶竹笠,安闲地倚着鱼篓抽烟。

A.①⑦⑥④②⑤③

B.③①⑤②⑦④⑥

C.①⑦②⑥③⑤④

D.③①⑦⑤②⑥④

参考答案:D

二、阅读下面文字,完成7~10题。(16分,每小题4分)

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地震前自然界出现的与地震孕育有关的现象称为地震前兆。我国古代人民早就认识到地震是有前兆的,并留下了关于地震前兆丰富的记载。例如,1739年宁夏银川地震后,有人就总结出地震与井水变化、动物不安、天气反常现象之间可能存在某种联系。古书《隆德县志》上也记载了古人总结的六种地震前兆现象。现代地震科学的深入研究则表明,地震之前确实存在多种多样的前兆。

人的感官能直接觉察到的地震前兆称为地震的宏观前兆。比较常见的有,井水陡涨陡落、变色变味、翻花冒泡、温度升降,泉水流量的突然变化,温泉水温的突然变化,动物的习性异常,临震前出现的地声和地光等。宏观前兆在地震预报中具有重要的作用,1975年辽宁海城7.3级地震和1976年松潘——平武7.2级地震前,地震工作者和广大群众曾观察到大量的宏观异常现象,为这两次地震的成功预报提供了重要信息。不过也应当注意,上面所列出的多种宏观现象可能是由多种原因造成的,不一定都是地震的预兆。

例如:井水和泉水的涨落可能和降雨的多少有关,也可能受附近抽水、排水和施工的影响;井水的变色变味可能因污染引起;动物的异常表现可能与天气变化、疾病、发情、外界刺激等有关;还要注意不要把电焊弧光、闪电等误认为地光,不要把雷声误认为地声,不要把燃放烟花爆竹和信号弹当成地下冒火球。

人的感官无法觉察,只有用专门的仪器才能测量到的地震前兆称为地震的微观前兆,主要包括以下四类:一是地震活动异常。大小地震之间有一定的关系,大地震虽然不多,中小地震却不少,研究中小地震活动的特点,有可能帮助人们预测未来大震的发生。二是地形变化异常。大地震发生前,震中附近地区的地壳可能发生微小的形变,某些断层两侧的岩层可能出现微小的位移,借助于精密的仪器,可以测出这种十分微弱的变化,分析这些信息,可以帮助人们预测未来大震的发生。三是地球物理变化。

在地震孕育过程中,震源区及其周围岩石的物理性质可能出现一些变化,利用精密仪器测定不同地区重力、地电和地磁的变化,也可以帮助人们预测地震。四是地下流体的变化。地下水(井水、泉水、地下岩层中所含的水)、石油和天然气、地下岩层中还可能产生和贮存的一些其他气体,都是地下流体。用仪器测量地下流体的化学成分和某些物理量,研究它们的变化可以帮助人们预测地震。

第7题单选 对第一段内容的理解或分析,正确的一项是

A.地震前兆是地震前地表出现的与地震孕育有关的现象。

B.1739年宁夏银川地震后,我国古代人民才认识到地震是有前兆的。

C.《隆德县志》最早记载了古人总结的六种地震发生现象。

D.现代地震科学的深入研究证明了古人关于地震的某些认识是正确的。

参考答案:D

第8题单选 对第二段内容的理解或分析,不正确的一项是

A.井水的涨落、泉水水温的变化及其引起的地声和地光都属于地震宏观前兆。

B.根据大量的宏观前兆,有关部门成功预报出了1975年辽宁海城的7.3级地震。

C.自然界发生“宏观现象”的原因非常复杂,不一定都是地震的预兆。

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D.燃放烟花爆竹和发射信号弹等人为事件,有时会被人们误认为是地震前兆。

参考答案:A

第9题单选 对第三段内容的理解或推论,不正确的一项是

A.宏观前兆和微观前兆的区别在于是否需要借助专业的仪器来进行测量。

B.大地震发生前,震中附近地区的地壳以及断层两侧的岩层可能出现微弱的变化。

C.利用精密仪器测定震源区的重力、地电和地磁,可以判断地震时地球的物理变化。

D.用仪器测量地下水的化学成分及其物理量的变化可以帮助人们预测地震的发生。

参考答案:C

第10题单选 下列语句,最适合作本文标题的一项是

A.地震的预防

B.地震的预测方法

C.地震活动的异常情况

D.地震的宏观前兆和微观前兆

参考答案:D

三、阅读下面的现代文,完成11~14题。

人生识字糊涂始

鲁 迅

中国的成语只有“人生识字忧患始”,这一句是我翻造的。

孩子们常常给我好教训,其一是学话。他们学话的时候,没有教师,没有语法教科书,没有字典,只是不断地听取、记住、分析、比较,终于懂得每个词的意义,到得两三岁,普通的简单的话就大概能够懂,而且能够说了,也不大有错误。小孩子往往喜欢听人谈天,更喜欢陪客,那大目的,固然在于一同吃点心,但也为了爱热闹,尤其是在研究别人的言语。

我们先前的学古文也用同样的方法,教师并不讲解,只要你死读,自己去记住、分析、比较去。弄得好,是终于能够有些懂,并且竟也可以写出几句来的,然而到底弄不通的也多得很。自以为通,别人也以为通了,但一看底细,还是并不怎么通,连明人小品都点不断的,又何尝少有?人们学话,学不会的是几乎没有的,一到学文,就不同了,学会的恐怕不过极少数,就是所谓学会了的人们之中,请恕我坦白地再来重复地说一句罢,大约仍然糊糊涂涂的还是很不少。这自然是古文作怪。

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因为我们虽然拼命地读古文,但时间究竟是有限的,不像说话,整天的可以听见;而且所读的书,从周朝人的文章,一直读到明朝人的文章,非常驳杂,脑子给古今各种马队践踏了一通之后,弄得乱七八糟,但蹄迹当然是有些存留的,这就是所谓“有所得”。这一种“有所得”当然不会清清楚楚,大概是似懂非懂的居多,所以自以为通文了,其实却没有通,自以为识字了,其实也没有识。自己本是糊涂的,写起文章来自然也糊涂,读者看起文章来,自然也不会倒明白。因此我想,这“糊涂”的来源,是在识字和读书。

例如我自己,是常常会用些书本子上的词汇的。虽然并非什么冷僻字,或者连读者也并不觉得是冷僻字。然而假如有一位精细的读者,请了我去,交给我一枝铅笔和一张纸,说道,“您老的文章里,说过这山是‘崚嶒’的,那山是‘巉岩’的,那究竟是怎么一副样子呀?您不会画画儿也不要紧,就勾出一点轮廓来给我看看罢。请,请,请……”这时我就会腋下出汗,恨无地洞可钻。

说是白话文应该“明白如话”,已经要算唱厌了的老调了,但其实,现在的许多白话文却连“明白如话”也没有做到。倘要明白,我以为第一是在作者先把似识非识的字放弃,从活人的嘴上,采取有生命的词汇,搬到纸上来;也就是学学孩子,只说些自己的确能懂的话。至于旧语的复活,方言的普遍化,那自然也是必要的,但一须选择,二须有字典以确定所含的意义。

第11题简答 第三段所说的“同样的方法”是指什么?这种方法有什么局限?(6分)

参考答案:第一问:孩子学话的方法。

第二问:不容易全部学通。

第12题简答 作者认为,学话容易、学文难的原因是什么?

参考答案:①学话的时间非常长;学文的时间有限。

②学话的语言环境有利;学文需要读的书时间跨度大、内容驳杂。

第13题简答 第四段中,作者为何会“恨无地洞可钻”?(6分)

参考答案:因为这两个词是从旧书上抄来的,作者自己也不曾深究其意,一经他人询问,便有些羞愧难当。

第14题简答 作者认为,如何才能让白话文变得“明白如话”?

参考答案:①尽量使用有生命活力的当代口语。

②谨慎选取,有根有据。

四、阅读下面文言文,完成15~17题。

昔者郑武公欲伐胡,故先以其女妻胡君,以娱其意。因问于群臣:“吾欲用兵,谁可伐者?”大夫关其思对曰:“胡可伐。”武公怒而戮之,曰:“胡,兄弟之国也,子言伐之,何也!”胡君闻之,以郑为亲己,遂不备郑。郑人袭胡,取之。宋有富人,天雨墙坏,其子曰:“不筑,必将有盗。”其邻人之父亦云。暮而果亡其财,其家甚智其子,而疑邻人之父。此二人说者皆当矣,厚者为戮,薄者见疑,则非知之难也,处知则难也。(《韩非子·说难》)

第15题简答 将文中画线的语句翻译成现代汉语,并联系这些语句的内容,说说胡国被消灭留下的经验教训是什么。

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参考答案:翻译:从前郑武公想讨伐胡国,故意先把自己的女儿嫁给胡国君主,以此来使他心情愉快。

胡国君主听说了此事,认为郑国和自己友好,于是不再防备郑国。

经验教训:遇事要保持警惕,不要被假象蒙骗。

第16题简答 文中“此二人说者皆当矣”,“此二人”指的是谁?

参考答案:关其思;邻人之父。

第17题简答 宋国的富人“智人疑邻”表现了什么心理?

参考答案:相信亲近的人,怀疑疏远的人。

五、阅读下面这首诗,完成18~19题。

山园小梅

[宋]林 逋

众芳摇落独暄妍,占尽风情向小园。

疏影横斜水清浅,暗香浮动月黄昏。

霜禽欲下先偷眼,粉蝶如知合断魂。

幸有微吟可相狎,不须檀板共金樽。

【注】众芳摇落:百花凋谢。暄妍:明媚鲜艳。霜禽:寒冷季节里的鸟儿。合断魂:一定会深深迷恋。微吟:低声吟诵。狎:亲近。檀板:檀木制成的拍板。

第18题简答 诗人首联就将_____与_____对比,写出了梅的不同凡响、不染尘俗的格调与品质。

参考答案:摇落的众芳;暄妍的梅花。

第19题简答 第三、四句分别是从什么角度来写梅花的?第五、六句写梅花使用了什么修辞手法?

参考答案:第一问:视觉角度;嗅觉角度。

第二问:拟人。

六、作文(共60分)。

第20题简答 阅读下面的文字,根据要求写作。

在暴雨中,100多个孩子站成两排,手举雨伞,相向而立,搭起了一座近200米长的遮雨“彩虹桥”。没带伞的孩子,可以通过这座“桥”到食堂就餐。近日,这组拍摄于某中学校园内的温馨照片,在网络中引发热议。部分网友的留言如下:

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甲:“这是雨中最美的一道风景线。”

乙:“这是不是学校在利用学生作秀?”

丙:“我们为什么不能温情一点看待这件事呢?你没看见孩子们在欢笑吗?”

请根据材料,写一篇不少于600字的文章。题目自拟,文体不限,诗歌除外。

参考答案:作文试题答案略。

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篇2:2015年成人高考高起点语文真题及答案

选 择 题

一、语音知识(共5小题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)

在下列每组单词中,有一个单词的画线部分与其他单词的画线部分的读音不同。找出这个词。1.A.family B.value C.cat D.baby 2.A.show B.now C.yellow D.grow 3.A.beach B.1unch C.chair D.machine 4.A.human B.cut C.fun D.1uck 5.A.sale B.snow C.design D.ask

二、词汇与语法知识5小题:每题1.5分,共22.5分。)从每小题的四个选择项中,选出最佳的一项。

6.Tom attended evening school for month or two. A.the:a B.an;the C.不填;the D.an;不填 7.Spring is by far time to visit the island. A.better B.the better C.best D.the best 8.The weather report says it again tomorrow. A.rains B.rained C.will rain D.has rained 9.Bill has a very high price for the car. A.paid B.spent C.cost D.bought 1 0.There is nobody here in the office-they have all gone home.A.can B.must C.should D.would 1 1.Mary looks great this pair of trousers. A.in B.by C.on D.at 1 2.The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely . A.change B.changing C.changed D.to change 1 3.These books should not be from the library.

A.taken away B.taken off C.taken down D.taken over 1 4.By the time I got home,my grandmother the dinner and was watching TV. A.prepares B.prepared C.has prepared D.had prepared 1 5.The reason the president kept silent is still unknown. A.how B.why C.when D.what 16.一Will you please open the door for me? 一.A.Yes,please B.My pleasure C.Not at all D.You’re welcome 17.James got lost in the city,he had to ask for help. A.or B.SO C.but D.for 1 8.Mrs.Smith persuaded her husband the right thin9. A.do B.did C.to do D.doing 19.My parents and I couldn’t get into the house last night because 0f US had the key. A.all B.either C.neither D.none 20.Dogs have a very sense of smell. A.nice B.clear C.good D.high

三、完形填空(共15小题;每题2分,共30分。)

学历提升热线:*** 通读下面的短文,掌握其大意。然后,从每小题的四个选择项中选出可填入相应空白处的最佳 选项。

In nearly every town or city centre in the UK,on most days of the week you can find one or more pe0-pie standing in the street selling a magazine 2 1 The Big Issue.These people are all 22,but they are not begging for money.23,they are selling the magazine as a means(手段)of 24 a small but respectable living.

The Big Issue magazine was 25 in 1991 by Jon Bird and Gordon Roddick after they 26 that there were many homeless people who were 27 0n the streets of London.On a previous(之前的)28 to New York,one of them had seen homeless people selling a newspaper known as Street News 29 they decided to set up something30 in the British capital.

Nowadays,The Big Issue has31 all over the UK and there are even different versions(版本)of the magazine in different parts of the 32 .The sellers buy each magazine from the organization for sev-enty pence and then sell it to a 33 for one pound fifty.By working with The Big Issue,many people have been 34 to escape from homelessness,and 35 many of them have moved on to new jobs and new lives.

21.A.printed B.spelt C.called D.stuck 22.A.healthy B.homeless C.impolite D.single 23.A.Instead B.Besides C.Anyhow D.Therefore 24.A.changing B.enjoying C.making D.improving 25.A.recognized B.started C.found D.written 26.A.forgot B.hoped C.saw D.doubted 27.A.driving B.1iving C.drawing D.working 28.A.visit B.entrance C.way D.flight 29.A.or B.but C.for D.and 30.A.similar B.personal C.natural D.friendly 31.A.broken B.1anded C.spread D.floated 32.A.city B.town C.world D.country 33.A.reporter B.painter C.1istener D.reader 34.A.asked B.helped C.needed D.forced 35.A.in the end B.now and then C.all the time D.in a hurry

四、阅读理解(共15小题;每题3分,共45分。)阅读下列短文,然后根据短文的内容从每小题的四个选择项中选出最佳的一项。

A “Troublemaker”was what was given to my friend Peter by his teachers.They also said that he had no future and no hope!But now I suggest that anyone who said that should say“sorry”to him.

Peter finished Grade Nine,and then he went to study at a technical college.He became a leader of a group of bad boys.After graduation he had nothing to d0,SO he just hung around by the market with his friends.

It looked like nothing could change his life.It was not until the day that his father died.He left the boys and went to help his mother who sold food by the roadside.

He really pitied his mum and wanted to do something to support her.He loved reading cartoon(漫画)books and had been collecting them for years,SO he decided that he should sell them.Soon he realized that his books were very popular.So he made up his mind to set up his

学历提升热线:*** own business.He went around buying cartoon books from other people.He bought them for 25%and then sold them for half price.

These days,he doesn’t have to go around looking for cartoon books because there are always people coming to his shop to sell their old ones.He now has a monthly income of about 55,000 baht(泰铢).

He was a“troublemaker”to his teachers but he is a hero to me.If you are judged by your teachers as a“bad student”.I suggest you ignore what they say.Just do your best in everything.Don’t give up so eas-ily,Believe me,one day you could be successful,too.36.Why does the author think some people should say“sorry”to Peter? A.They refused to help him. B.They considered him hopeless.

C-They looked down on his parents.D.They made him give up his friends. 37.What did Peter do after his father died? A.He worked at a market. B.He learnt to draw pictures.

C.He started his own business.D.He continued his c011ege studies. 38.How does Peter get second.hand cartoon books now? A.He buys them from bookstores. B.He goes around collecting them.

C.He borrows them from his friends. D.He waits for people to sell them to him. 39.The word ignore in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning t0 . A.take no interest in B.pay no attention to C.believe in D.stick to B Welcome to North Road Medical Centre!We are open from 8:30 a.m.until 6 P.m.Monday to Fri.day.Appointments(预约)with the doctors and nurses are acceptable both morning and afternoon.Howev—er,a same-day appointment may not necessarily be with your usual doctor.Patients may be seen by any member of the team.

If you decide to register(注册)with us,please speak to one of our receptionists(接诊员).You will need to complete a registration form.Each new patient is asked to answer some medical questions.You should also make an appointment to see one of the nurses for a health check soon after registerin9.There is sometimes a delay in handing over medical records from your earlier doctor,and this appointment gives us valuable information about your health.

The Out of Hours Service is reachable from 6:30 P.m.until 8 a.m.Monday to Friday;at weekends from 6:30 P.m.Friday t0 8 a.m.Monday.Telephone 0845—345—8995 to talk to the Out of Hours Serv—ice.They will have a doctor get in touch with you.

For medical advice,you can call NHS Direct(24 hours)on 0845—4647 0r through the Internet at .You can always get advice over the telephone.

If you are too ill to come to the medical centre,You can ask for a home Visit over the telephone.Most visits by doctors are made between12 noon and 3 P.m.If you are able to phone before 11a.m。,this helps us to plan the day.

40.What can be learnt from paragraph 1? A.The centre opens all week round.

B.Doctors and nurses work six hours a day.C.Appointments are not accepted in the afternoon.D.A same-day appointment may not be with the usual doctor.

学历提升热线:*** 4 1.What is a new patient advised to do alter registration? A.Take a health check.

B.Hand over medical records· C.Ask some medical questions. D.Complete an information form.

42.If you need the help of the Out of Hours Service,you may——. A.call 0845—345—8995 B.telephone 0845 4647.

C.get in touch with a doctor D.visit the NHS Direct website 43.When do most doctors go for a home visit? A.Before 11 a.m. B.From 6:30 P.m.t0 8 a.m.

C.From 8:30 a.m.t0 6 P.m.D.Between 12 noon and 3 P.m.

C In 2008,the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)wanted to know if all the school lun-ches served to students were healthy.The answer was a bi9,fat NO!The USDA found that most American schools served lunches with too much fat and salt.They also found that most of the fruits and vegetables in the lunches came from cans(罐头).Canned fruits and vege—tables are not as good as fresh ones.

The USDA gives schools food and money to make lunches.But schools make up their own menus.Some make healthy lunches.Most do not.Now the USDA wants all schools to serve more healthy lunches.They want schools to follow the USDA’s guidelines for balanced(均衡)meals.

Mike Sanders,in charge of the USDA in 2008,said the USDA should teach school workers how to make healthier lunches.“A good school lunch is just as important as a good textbook,”Sanders said.He said that children also need to learn about healthy foods.

The USDA is working on a new program--Fresh Start.It will give schools more fresh fruits and vegeta-bles.Fresh Start will also help schools change their lunches to make them healthier.To find the best way to change lunches,the USDA held meetings with parents,school leaders,doctors,and cooks.

Children already eat healthy lunches at Chief Joseph School in North Saratoga,Oregon.They have whole.wheat bread with low-fat cheese.and low-fat milk.

44.What did the USDA find about lunches in most American schools in 2008 7 A.They were mostly fruits and vegetables. B.They contained too much fat and salt. C.Most of them were canned food. D.Most of them were healthy.

45.What are schools required to do to make the lunches healthy? A.Provide balanced meals. B.Make up new guidelines. C.Design their own menus.D.Cook with more vegetables. 46.What was Mike Sanders? A.An office secretary. B.A school headmaster.

C.The head of the USDA.D.The director of Fresh Start. 47.What is the goal of the Fresh Start program? A.Selling fresh fruits and vegetables. B.Employing good cooks for schools. C.Helping improVe the school lunches. D.Finding a better way to talk with parents.

学历提升热线:***

D Magic(魔法)often forces US not to believe our own eyes or even appears to be breaking the laws of physics or nature!The word“magic”has many different meanings.When a bird appears in a hat or when someone declares that he could see into the future--both can be called magic.When a sick person sudden-1y becomes well or a well person(or eVen animal)becomes ill, magic is the cause.The British author Terry Pratchett uses magic a great deal in his popular Discworld series of books.

Magic has alwaYs been used for fun.People enjoy working out in which cup the little ball is or how he knows which card l was thinking of.Harry Houdini was one of the first world-famous magicians—famous for escaping from deadly situations.Recently David Copperfield,or David Blane,has become very popular for his“unbelievable abilities”,such as making the Statue of Liberty disappear or rise.

Magical rings and three—headed dogs may not be real,but does this mean nothing magical really ex—ists? Can you always explain how the magician has done the card trick? Maybe it is better not to explain,but to leave a little magic in our lives.Pick a card.any card...

48·The author explains what magic is in paragraph 1 by . A.using examples B.giving causes and effects C.1isting the time of magical events D.comparing a healthy person with a sick one 49.Who is mentioned as a great escape artist? A.David Blane B.Harry Houdini. C.Terry Pratchett.D.David Copperfield 50.What does the author think of magic? A.It changes our lives. B.It provides people with fun.

C.It breaks the laws of physics.D.It explains strange things in our lives.

非选择题

五、补全对话(共5句;每句满分为3分,共15分。)

根据中文提示,把对话中缺少的内容写在线上。这些句子必须符合英语表达习惯。打句号的地方,用陈述句;打问号的地方,用疑问句。

提示:Peter给Johnson教授打电话请病假,接电话的是教授的助手Sally。(Peter=P;Sally=S)P:Hello!This is Peter speakin9. 5 1,please? S:I’m sorry.Professor Johnson is not here at the moment.This is his assistant,Sally. 52 ? P:Yes.Please tell the professor that l’d like to ask for sick leave for tomorrow. S:Sorry to hear that.May I ask 53 with you? P:I’m running a fever.I’ve caught a cold. S:Oh,54 ? P:N0,not very serious,but the doctor told me to stay in bed and have a good rest. S:I see.I’11 55 as soon as he comes back. P:Thank you.Goodbye!

学历提升热线:*** S:Bye!

六、书面表达(满分30分)

假设你是李华,10月20日是你18岁生日,发邮件邀请你的外国朋友Jack来你家参加生日聚合。主要内容包括:

聚会时间:周六晚7点到l0点;

参加人员:朋友和同学

活动内容:聚餐、唱歌、跳舞、游戏等。

注意:1.词数应为100左右; 2.开头语已为你写好。

Dear Jack,l hope this email willfindyou very well.

Best wishes,Li Hua

篇3:2015年成人高考高起点语文真题及答案

2010年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语

答案必须答在答题卡上指定的位置,答在试卷上无效。

一、语音知识(共5小题:每题1.5分,共7.5分)

在下列每组单词中,有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同,找出这个词。

正确答案:

1、A

2、C

3、A

4、B

5、D

【名师解析】这几道题分别考察字母组合ai, s, u y, tion 的发音。

二.词汇与语法知识(共15小题;每题1.5分,共22.5分。)

从每小题的四个选择项中,选出最佳的一项。

6.What do you imagine the child uses this old tool _____ ?

A.about B.by C.for D.of

解析C.use sth for,表示用某物做某事

【名师点评】这道题考查固定短语。常见词汇。

7.-Have you got a camera?

-No.I should buy.A.it B.one C.that D.this

【名师解析】B.此题考察it 和one的区别。It是特指某物,而one指的是一个.8.Peter was about to unlock the door _____ he found someone had broken into the room.A.once B.before C.than D.when

【名师解析】D此题考察四个连词的区别。根据词义应该选D when 这时,此刻。

9.The speaker, _____ for his speeches, was warmly received by the students.爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

A.known B.to be known C.having known D.being known

【名师解析】A 此题考察分词作定语,应该和所修饰词找关系。The speaker应该是被知道,所以选过去分词。

10.His ____ is so great that money doesn’t mean much to him.A.idea B.richness C.health D.wealth

【名师解析】D 此题考察四个选项的意思。Ideas 是主意,想法。richness 是富裕,富有。Health是健康。Wealth是财富。根据意思应该选D。

11.My husband and I both go out to work, _____ we share housework at home.A.for B.so C.yet D.or

【名师解析】B 此题在考察学生连词。根据句意应该选B。我和我的丈夫都在外边工作,因此我们在家一起做家务。

12.-Would you like to go to the cinema with us tonight?

-_____, but I don’t think I can afford the time.A.I’d B.I’d better go C.I didn’t wan to D.I wouldn’t

【名师解析】A 回答中的but说明前后句的意思是相反的。后句说我们有时间,所以前句是我想去

13.It is recorded that in 1892 the weather became so cold that the river ____ over.A.freezes B.was freezing C.has frozen D.froze

【名师解析】D 此题考察时态。很明显in 1892 出现了,应该是一般过去时。

14.The President gave the Secretary of State 30 days ____ the report.A.completes B.to complete C.completing D.completed

【名师解析】B.此题考察动词不定式.第一个动词是gave, 后边应该加to do 的形式。

15.-Who do you think has made my room so dirty, Mom?

-It ____ be your younger brother.A.must B.shall C.will D.would

【名师解析】A。此题考察情态动词must 表示猜测的意思,一定。

16.Hold on, please.I’ll put you ____ to the manager.A.across B.through C.off D.over

爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

【名师解析】B put through to sb 是个固定短语,接通某人的电话。

17.People were disturbed and began to see where the noise ___.A.is coming B.was coming C.has come D.had come

【名师解析】B 人们被打扰了,开始去看噪音是来自哪里的。

18._____ in the letter did the young man say anything about his mistake.A.Anywhere B.Everywhere C.Nowhere D.Somewhere

【名师解析】C。看到此题是陈述句,但是did提前了,应该立刻想到倒装,看选项能够引起倒装的只有nowhere.19.The Greens chose to live ___ life was cheap, and they moved to a small town years ago.A.if B.until C.when D.where

【名师解析】D。根据句意选择。格林一家选择住在生活费用比较低的地方。

20.I wrote a letter to the car dealer, _____ what had happened to my net car.A.explaining B.to explain C.explains D.explained

【名师解析】A。分词作状语和主语找关系。我解释了,是主动,所以用现在分词。三.完形填空(共15小题:每题2分,共30分。)

通读下面的短文,掌握其大意。然后,从每小题的四个选择项中选出最佳选项。

Everyone likes things that are free, and businesses often give things for free to customers as a way of getting more people to pay attention to their products.Ariely, a scientist from MIT, did an experiment on what people would do when _21_ things that were free.He _22_ a group of students two kinds of chocolates: the good one for 15 cents each and the poor one for I cent each.The good chocolate was worth ﹩1.00, so 15 cents was very cheap, _23_ the poor quality chocolate was worth 5 cents, so _24_ it for I cent wasn’t very cheap.Most people chose the high quality chocolate for 15 cents.That’s not a _25_.But then Ariely lowered the _26_ of both pieces of chocolate by I cent.If people were _27_ correctly, then they should _28_ choose the good quality chocolate.But that _29_ what happened.Most people chose the free chocolate.This doesn’t make sense in our _30_ way of understanding economic behavior(经济行为).What is happening here? Ariely _31_ that people want to get a good bargain.But they also want to reduce risk(风险).That is, they want to _32_ the chance of

爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

making a _33_.If you pay 14 cents for a piece of chocolate, and then you don’t _34_ like it when you eat it, you have lost 14 cents.But when something is free and you don’t like it, you haven’t lost anything.People would _35_ not to take a risk over getting a better bargain.21.A.facing B.buying C.giving D.treating

【名师解析】A.根据意思来选择。Ariely做了一个实验,关于当人们面对免费东西时会做什么的实验。表示面对只有A

22.A.posted B.produced C.offered D.told

【名师解析】C.他给了一群学生两种巧克力.offer表示提供,给。

23.A.if B.as C.for D.but

【名师解析】D 根据此句话的意思:高质量的巧克力值﹩1.00,所以15分是非常便宜的,下一句是低质量的值5分,所以两句间应该是转折关系,用but.24.A.getting B.holding C.eating D.making

【名师解析】A.这里的getting相当于buying.根据句意,因此用一分钱买不是很便宜。

25.A.dream B.reason C.reply D.surprise

【名师解析】D。根据上文的分析,大多数人选择高质量的巧克力不是一件惊奇的事情。

26.A.weight B.size C.price D.quality

【名师解析】C。根据上下文,下文是降低了巧克力的价格。所以这里应该是lower the price.27.A.working B.thinking C.planning D.looking

【名师解析】B.如果人们正确的思考,他们仍然应该选择高质量的巧克力。

28.A.still B.once C.almost D.even

【名师解析】A。still 仍然,还。符合题意。

29.A.should be B.shouldn’t be C.is D.isn’t

【名师解析】D。根据下文,那不是按照正确思考所发生的。

30.A.easy B.old C.normal D.modem

【名师解析】C。根据此句的意思,这不是我们对经济行为的正常理解

31.A.questioned B.explained C.agreed D.added

【名师解析】B。上文讲到人们的行为不正常,所以Ariely对此进行了解释„„.爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

而不是质疑question, 或agree。

32.A.find B.leam C.lower D.take

【名师解析】C。根据下文,他们想降低犯错误的风险。

33.A.decision B.mistake C.promise D.waming

【名师解析】B。make a mistake 是固定短语。

34.A.usually B.gradually C.certainly D.actually

【名师解析】D。根据句意,当你吃巧克力的时候,你实际上并不喜欢它,你就失去了14分。

35.A.start B.prefer C.manage D.afford

【名师解析】B。根据句意,人们更愿意不冒风险而得到更好廉价物。

四.阅读理解(共15小题:每题3分,共45分。)

阅读下列短文,然后根据短文的内容从每小题的四个选择项中选出最佳的一项。

A

Probably no other musical instrument(乐器)is as popular around the world as the guitar(吉他).Almost every kind of music needs a guitar.Country and westem music would not be the same without a guitar.The Spanish music called flamenco could not exist without a guitar.The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar.And rock and roll music would almost be impossible without this instrument.People do not agree about where the guitar was first played, but most agree it is very old.Some say an instrument very much like a guitar was played in Egypt more than one thousand years ago.Some others say that an old form of the modem guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the 12 century.The guitar continued to develop in Spain.In the 1700s it became similar to the instrument we know today.Many famous musicians played the instrument.The famous musician Niccolo Paganinni played and wrote music for the guitar in the early 1800s.Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works.In modem times Andres Segovia helped make the instrument extremely popular.One kind of music for the guitar developed in the southern area of Spain called Adalusia.It will always be strongly connected with the Spanish guitar.36.What is discussed about the guitar in Paragraph 1?

A.Its history in America.爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

B.Its value in the music world.C.Its importance for music lovers.D.Its use in musical performance.【名师解析】B。着重看文章的第一段。我们从第一句和第二句中可知此段主要讲几乎每一种音乐都需要吉他。也就是吉他在音乐世界中的价值,即B选项。

37.Where could the oldest form of the guitar probably exist according to the text?

A.In Spain.B.In Persia.C.In Egypt.D.In America.【名师解析】C。从第二段红色部分得知,选项应该是C。

38.Who did most to make the guitar very popular?

A.Adalusia.B.Andres Segovia.C.Franz Schubert.D.Niccolo Paganinni.【名师解析】B。从第三段红色部分得知,选项应该是B

39.What would be the best title for the text?

A.Music and Musicians B.The History of the Guitar

C.Music and Musical Instruments D.The Most Popular Musical lnstrument

【名师解析】D。A,C两个选项的题目太大,不能确切的总结全文的意思。B选项太偏,文章不光是讲吉他的历史。从第一段的第一句我们就可以知道,文章讲的是世界上最流行的乐器吉他。所以此题选D.B

Eight years ago, officials in Chicago.Illinois, decided to replace the black roof on the city government building with a planted garden.The aim was to reduce energy costs, improve air quality and control the rainwater entering the city’s waste system(系统).Green roofs also help reduce a problem called urban heat islands(城市热岛现象).During hot weather.the building’s root could reach temperatures of up to 76℃.With the garden, the temperature of the root area was reduced by at least 30℃.Workers planted over 150 kinds of plants that could stand bad weather.Now.the area is cooler, the building requires less energy to keep cool, and the root looks nice.Chicago also offers money to help people pay for building their own green roots.About five years ago.officials in Thane, India, decided to reduce the city’s depending on power from coal.The city often experiences lack of power because of the large numbers of people using electriciry.Officials decided to save energy

爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

by putting water heaters(热水器)powered by the sun on top of the city’s main hospital.The hospital saved thousands of dollars in energy costs each year.Officials then began building this kind of water heater around the city.China has announced plans to build a city called Dongtan.The company designing the city says it will produce its energy from the wind, sun and waste.The aim is for the city to be an example to the rest of China.40.What did the officials in Chicago decide to do?

A.To grow plants on the roof of the government building.B.To make use of the rainwater in the city’s waste system.C.To improve the air quality of the city greatly.D.TO build another government building.【名师解析】 A。从文章的第一段第一句可以直接找出答案。

41.What problem does Thane have according to the text?

A.The city doesn’t have enough electricity for its people.B.The city’s main hospital lacks money for energy costs.C.The city needs more water heaters for its people.D.The city needs to control its population growth.【名师解析】A从文章第二段红色部分可知,这个城市经常缺少电,所以选择A,城市没有足够的电。

42.Why does China plan to build the new city?

A.To set an example of using clean energy.B.To provide energy for the rest of China.C.To leam how to use new energy forms.D.To gain experience in city design.【名师解析】A。从文章最后一段的最后一句可知,此城市要用风,太阳能,废弃物来发电,所以属于清洁能源。故选A.43.What does the author try to tell the readers about?

A.Problems in big cities of the world.B.The rising energy costs in cities.爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

C.Different ways of going green.D.Energy problems in the world.【名师解析】C。比较四个选项我们很容易选出A。文章列出了一些节能的例子,需要考试自己总结。

C

On my way home from work one day in 1994, I stopped at a supermarket for shopping.I was behind two customers.The person checking out was a young mother with her little girl.As the clerk was scanning(扫描)the things she had chosen, the young lady was carefully counting her money, worried.After the last thing was scanned, the clerk told the young mother the total.The young mother’s expression turned to embarrassment(尴尬)as she realized she did not have enough money.She started to see which things to put back, and trying to look sympathetic(同情)-I had been in situations where I did not have enough money plenty of times myself.Finally.the young mother gave something back to the clerk, and asked for new total.At that moment, the woman in front of me asked the clerk to wait a moment.She took out $5 and handed it to the clerk to pay what the young mother was short of.When the clerk tried to give the woman the fifty cents change, she pointed to the little girl and told the clerk to give it to her.The little girl smiled and ran to one of the machines to spend the money.Naturally, the young mother was thankful and said so.The woman smiled and told her she was welcome.I will never forget the look on that little girl’s face-not when she was given the money.But when she realized that a perfect stranger cared enough to help them.From the way she looked at the woman.you could tell that she learned something valuable that day;Some people do care.That woman taught me several things with that one little deed.There are many situations in which we can help other people.It doesn’t take much money.A few dollars to someone like me was something quite different to that mother.44.Why was the young mother carefully counting her money?

A.To know how much would be left after payment.B.She got ready to pay for what she had taken.C.She was afraid that she didn’t have enough.D.To see if she could buy more things.爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

【名师解析】C。从第二段的第一句话,我们知道,她认真的数钱,是因为她没有足够的钱。

45.What did the author try to show to the young mother by smiling to her?

A.He had seen her before.B.He was willing to help her.C.He was surprised at her embarrassment.D.He understood what happened to her.【名师解析】D

46.The woman in front of the author handed five dollars to _____.A.the author B.the mother C.the clerk D.the girl

【名师解析】C。从文章第三段的红色部分可知。

47.What is the text trying to teach us?

A.Women and children should be helped.B.A little care can bring about great happiness.C.There are always people who are in trouble.D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.【名师解析】B。从文章最后一段可以知道,作者写这篇文章的目的,他希望大家能够相互帮助,很小的关心可以带来巨大的幸福。

D

There’s a time to get angry.and it’s best for your child if you do.Let’s say your child hits a playmate with a toy-hard enough to make the other child cry.How can you teach your child to feel sorry so he or she won’t do it again? Researchers say the best way for parents to react(反应)is to show their anger and to let the child know exactly why they are mad.Many parents believe that it is best to control their feelings and to wait until they’re calm before scolding their children.But the mother or father who explains reasonably to a child , “Peter was crying because you hit him,” is not likely to attract much attention.Young children need to be scolded immediately, and strongly, before they’ll take criticism(批评)to heart..爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

When your young child does something wrong.scold him or her seriously at once.At the same time be sure to tell the child clearly what he or she has done wrong.An angry reaction without an immediate explanation does little good.Forbidding a child to play outside or not allowing him to watch TV as a punishment works well-but only when taken together with an explanation.Make certain your child understands that although his or her wrongdoing has made you angry, you still love him or her.Use simple, direct words such as, “You hurt Peter.How would you feel if he hit you? You must never, never hurt people.” If your voice expresses strong feeling clearly, your message will carry enough weight.48.According to researchers, how should parents react when their child did something wrong?

A.Ask the child not to do it again any time.B.Let the child know what exactly happened.C.Teach the child why and how to say sorry to others.D.Show the child how angry they are and tell him why.【名师解析】D。从第一段的红色部分直接可以找出答案。

点评: 细节题除了第一的之外,其他的段落也在围绕这个中心在写。

49.What do many parents think they should do with the wrongdoer?

A.Speak strongly and angrily to him.B.Hide their feelings when talking to him.C.Explain immediately why he was wrong.D.Calm themselves down before scolding him.【名师解析】D。从第二段的红色部分直接找到答案。

50.What could be the best title for the text?

A.Best Ways to Stop Children’s Wrongdoings

B.Differences among Parents in Dealing with Children

C.Different ways to Deal with Children’s Wrongdoings

D.Research on Preventing Children from Hurting Others

【名师解析】A。总结文章大意,比较四个选项,根据第一段很容易选出。五.补全对话(共5句:每句满分为3分,共15分。)

爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

根据中文提示,把对话中缺少的内容写在答题相应题号后,这些句子必须符合英语表达习惯。打句号的地方,用陈述句:打问号的地方,用疑问句。

提示:Paul在商店购买西装时,营业员推荐了几套深色的,试穿后他决定买下一套深蓝色西服。

(Shop Girl=S;Paul=P)

S:Good afternoon, sir.What can I help you?

P: _51_.S: I’m sure we have something for you.P: I travel a lot for work, and worry about my suits getting dirty on the road.S: That wor’t be a problem.Would you like _52__?

P: Yeah, the one in dark blue looks nice.S: This is a very fine suit.__53_?

P: Sure.[Paul comes out of the dressing room.]

P: It’s a good fit and it’s very comfortable.__54_?

S: $198.00.P: OK.__55_.S: Do you need anything else?

P: No, thanks.51、I’m looking for a suit/I want to buy a suit.52、a suit in dark color

53、Would、Do you like to try it on

54、How much(is it)

55、I’ll take(/get/buy)this one(/it)参考答案:

51、I’m looking for a suit/I want to buy a suit.52、a suit in dark color

53、Would、Do you like to try it on

爱成考网 爱成考-2013成人高考报名|成考招生|成考辅导|高升专|高升本资料|成考时间|成考试题|成考分数线

54、How much(is it)

55、I’ll take(/get/buy)this one(/it)

【名师点评】这篇补全对话属于中等水平,基本上没有太难的句子,至少可以正确写出3-4句,学习比较好的同学可以得满分。

六.书面表达(满分30分)

假设你是李华,Tim是你的笔友,一直希望来中国教英语。得知前进中学需要一位英语老师后,你写信告诉他相关情况,主要为:

工作:1)时间为一学期 2)教两个班的英语口语,每周10节课 3)负责学校的英语课外活动,每周一次 待遇:每月4000元,另提供往返机票、免费住宿

注意:词数应为100左右

生词:activity 活动

„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

Dear Tim,I’ve got good news for you.Qian jin High School in my city wants an English teacher for the coming term.He’ll teach Spoken English for 2 classes, 10 hours each week.He’ll also be in charge of after-class activities, once a week, for those who are interested in discussions in English.He’ll get 4000 yuan each month.The school will provide a free flat and pay for the plane tickets from his home country to Beijing and back.I know you wish to teach English in China.I’m looking forward to your reply.All the best,Li Hua

篇4:2015年成人高考高起点语文真题及答案

一、选择题:1~40小题,每小题2分,满分80分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,选出一项符合题目要求的。

第1题 发现于陕西西安的半坡遗址属于【】

A.河姆渡文化

B.大汶口文化

C.仰韶文化

D.龙山文化

【正确答案】C

仰韶文化位于黄河流域,其文化中心区域在陕西省中部、河南西部和山西南部,最典型的是陕西半坡文化。

第2题 青铜器司母戊鼎和四羊方尊铸造于【】

A.夏代

B.商代

C.西周 D.春秋时期

【正确答案】B

商朝的青铜器制造业很发达,其代表有司母戊大方鼎和四羊方尊。

第3题 西汉时期,确立“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”政策的皇帝是【】

A.汉高祖

B.汉文帝

C.汉景帝

D.汉武帝

【正确答案】D

汉武帝接纳董仲舒的建议“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”,从此儒家思想逐渐成为我国封建社会的正统思想。

第4题 日本佛教建筑唐招提寺被视为“艺术明珠”,其设计者是【】

A.李春

B.鉴真

C.玄奘

D.僧一行

【正确答案】B

唐朝实行开明的对外政策。中日关系很密切,日本多次派遣唐使来中国唐朝学习先进文化和生产技术。唐朝也派遣使臣去日本,最著名的是高僧鉴真。鉴真广传佛法和唐朝文化,并在日本修筑招提寺。

第5题 下列各项中,属于北宋王安石变法内容的是【】

A.两税法

B.方田均税法

C.一条鞭法

D.摊丁入亩

【正确答案】B

A项是唐朝的实行的赋税方式,C项是明朝末年张居正的改革内容之一,D项是清朝雍正年间推行的税收方式。故选B。

第6题 清代,雍正帝为加强皇权而采取的重大措施是【】

A.设三公九卿

B.设立行省

C.废除丞相

D.设立军机处

【正确答案】D

为了加强皇权,雍正帝设立军机处。

第7题 在中国近代历史上,规定开放广州、厦门、福州、宁波、上海为通商口岸的条约是【】

A.《南京条约》

B.《天津条约》

C.《北京条约》

D.《马关条约》

【正确答案】A

《南京条约》中清政府被迫开放广州、厦门、福州、宁波、上海五处通商口岸。

第8题 外国侵略军火烧圆明园发生在【】

A.第一次鸦片战争时期

B.第二次鸦片战争时期

C.中法战争时期

D.甲午中日战争时期

【正确答案】B

英法联军为了进一步掠夺原料,扩大市场,1856年发动了第二次鸦片战争,在此次战争中犯下的滔天罪行是1860年10月火烧世界园林——圆明园。

第9题 洋务运动中创办的规模最大的军事工业是【】

A.江南制造总局

B.福州船政局

C.天津机器局

D.安庆内军械所

【正确答案】A

基础知识题,洋务派创办的规模最大的军事工业是江南制造总局。

第10题 下列各项中,提出改革科举制度、废除八股的是【】

A.百日维新

B.辛亥革命

C.新文化运动

D.五四运动

【正确答案】A

百日维新期间,光绪帝等人实行新政,其在文化教育方面的主要内容有,开办京师大学堂,废除八股,改试策论等。

第11题 1919年在《新青年》上发表《我的马克思主义观》的是【】

A.李大钊

B.李达

C.陈潭秋

D.陈独秀

【正确答案】A

新文化运动时期,李大钊在《新青年》上发表了《我的马克思主义观》,比较全面地、系统地介绍了马克思主义。

第12题 1925年广东革命政府东征打击的军阀是【】

A.孙传芳

B.吴佩孚

C.张作霖

D.陈炯明

【正确答案】D

1925年,军阀陈炯明在帝国主义和北洋军阀政府的支持下,进攻广州,广东革命政府进行东征,全歼陈炯明叛军。

第13题 抗日战争全面爆发后,中国军队在正面战场抗击日军最早的一次会战是【】

A.淞沪会战

B.徐州会战

C.武汉会战

D.太原会战

【正确答案】A

A发生在1937年8月至11月,B发生1938年,C发生时间1938年6月至10月,D发生在淞沪会战期间。

第14题 14~16世纪资本主义萌芽最早出现于【】

A.西班牙

B.法国

C.意大利

D.葡萄牙

【正确答案】C

意大利最早出现资本主义萌芽。

第15题 第一次工业革命是从英国的一个产业部门首先开始的,这个产业部门是【】

A.冶铁业

B.棉纺织业

C.造船业

D.铁路运输业

【正确答案】B

1765年织工哈格里夫斯发明了“珍妮纺纱机”,其出现首先在棉纺织业中引发了发明机器、进行技术革新的连锁反应,揭开了工业革命的序幕。

第16题 18世纪末,宣告“人是生而自由的,并且在权利上是平等的”的法律文件是【】

A.《大抗议书》

B.《权利法案》

C.1787年宪法

D.《人权宣言》

【正确答案】D

A、B两项的通过是在17世纪,C项是美国独立战争胜利后,1787年颁布的宪法,D项是18世纪末,法国大革命期间颁布的文献。

第17题 第二次工业革命中的发明不包括【】

A.电灯

B.塑料

C.蒸汽机

D.无线通讯设备

【正确答案】C

本题用排除法。第一次工业革命时期瓦特研制成功改良蒸汽机。

第18题 第一次世界大战期间,下列国家中最后对德宣战的是【】

A.美国

B.英国

C.法国

D.俄国

【正确答案】A

一战后期,美国才宣布对德作战,英、法、俄三国是协约成员国,从一战爆发开始就有义务对同盟国作战,而德国是同盟国核心国。

第19题 第二次世界大战后期,攻克柏林的是【】

A.苏军

B.美军

C.法军

D.英军

【正确答案】A

二战后期,苏军攻克柏林,加速了德国的投降。

第20题 1947年,美国国务卿马歇尔发表演说,提出“欧洲复兴计划”,其要点之一是:通过美国的经济援助,使欧洲经济恢复到正常状态,以保持稳定与和平,并使“自由制度”得以存续。这表明“马歇尔计划”【】

A.没有意识形态色彩

B.有助于西欧经济恢复

C.成为冷战爆发的标志

D.有利于欧洲各国的联合 【正确答案】B

1947年夏,美国国务卿马歇尔发表演说,宣布美国准备帮助欧洲走上复兴之路,指出“欧洲复兴计划”即“马歇尔计划”。这对西欧经济的复兴起到了重要作用。

第21题 【正确答案】A

在我国南极科学考察站中,只有长城站位于南极圈之外。

第22题 ①位于③的【】

A.东北方向

B.西北方向

C.西南方向

D.东南方向

【正确答案】B

先从南北方向上判断,③地比①地更靠近南极点,故①地在③地的北方;再从东西方向上判断,从南极上空看,地球自转方向呈顺时针,故①地在③地的西方。综上可知,①地位于③地的西北方向。

第23题 地震发生时,甲地为震中区,乙地为邻近地区,一般情况下两地【】

A.烈度相同,震级乙地比甲地大

B.震级相同,烈度乙地比甲地大

C.烈度相同,震级甲地比乙地大

D.震级相同,烈度甲地比乙地大

【正确答案】D

震级是表示地震本身能量大小的等级,故在同一次地震中,震级是相同的。地震烈度是表示某一地区所受的影响和破坏强度,一般情况下,在同一次地震中,离震中越近,烈度越大。

第24题 由①地到②地,沿线一次经过的气候类型是是【】

A.地中海气候--热带沙漠气候--热带草原气候--热带雨林气候

B.地中海气候--热带草原气候--热带沙漠气候--热带雨林气候

C.地中海气候--热带雨林气候--热带草原气候--热带沙漠气候

D.地中海气候--热带沙漠气候--热带雨林气候--热带草原气候

【正确答案】A

本题主要考查非洲气候类型的分布。①地位于地中海地区,受副热带高气压带和西风带的交替控制,形成地中海气候;②地受赤道低气压带控制,高温多雨,形成热带雨林气候;④地受赤道低气压和信风带交替控制,形成热带草原气候。北回归线穿过大陆西岸的地区,受副热带高气压带和干燥的信风带控制,形成热带沙漠气候。

第25题 ③地和④地气候类型不同,其主要影响因素是【】

A.纬度

B.洋流

C.海拔

D.海陆位置

【正确答案】C

③地位于埃塞俄比亚高原,因地势高,形成高山气候。

第26题 澳大利亚的人口和城市主要分布于【】

A.东南部沿海地区

B.东北部沿海地区

C.西北部沿海地区

D.西南部沿海地区

【正确答案】A

澳大利亚东南沿海自然条件优越,工农业发达,人口、城市、工业集中在该地区。

第27题 美国西部太平洋沿岸地区的新兴产业部门是【】

A.造船、飞机、石油化学

B.飞机、钢铁、电子

C.造船、飞机、汽车制造

D.飞机、电子、娱乐业

【正确答案】D

第28题 太阳是太阳系的中心天体,其质量约占太阳系总质量的【】

A.99.9%

B.79.3%

C.50.6%

D.0.8%

【正确答案】A

第29题 防止我国西北地区荒漠化加剧的首要对策是【】

A.控制人口增长

B.工矿开发过程中重视环境保护

C.保护植被,加强草场建设

D.大力发展种植业,控制畜牧业

【正确答案】C

我国西北地区干旱少雨,引起荒漠化的人为原因主要是过度放牧、过度樵采、过度开垦,从而破坏了植被。因此防止我国西北地区荒漠化加剧的首要对策是保护植被,加强草场建设。

第30题 天然橡胶种植范围扩展到北纬20度以北的我国西双版纳地区,这主要由于【】

A.土壤的改良

B.降水的增加

C.交通的便利

D.技术的进步

【正确答案】D

第31题 导致气压带和风带发生季节性移动的主要原因是【】

A.太阳直射点的位置变化

B.地球自转

C.海陆热力性质差异

D.大气环流

【正确答案】A

由于太阳直射点在一年内经过赤道在南北回归线之间往返移动,因此赤道低气压带也随之在赤道两侧移动,从而导致气压带和风带发生季节性移动

第32题 我国人口已进入快速老龄化阶段,到2020年老年人口将达到2.48亿,老龄化水平将达到17.17%。完成32~33题。

我国人口老龄化速度加快的主要原因是【】

A.人口自然增长率高

B.人口死亡率下降

C.养老保险制度比较完善

D.人口受教育年限增加

【正确答案】B

我国实行计划生育以来,人口自然增长率大幅下降,另外,随着经济水平的提高,人们生活条件、医疗条件改善,寿命延长,死亡率下降。因此,我国人口老龄化速度加快

第33题 人口老龄化速度加快,将导致【】

A.就业压力加大

B.人口素质提高

C.劳动力资源不足

D.城市化水平降低

【正确答案】C

A项是由人口年龄结构年轻化引起的;B、D两项与人口老龄化速度加快没有多大关系;C项人口老龄化加快,使就业人口减少,劳动力不足。

第34题 世界钢铁工业分布的变化趋势是【】

A.由临海型向临空型转移

B.由发展中国家向发达国家转移

C.由临海型向资源型转移

D.由发达国家向发展中国家转移

【正确答案】D

随着生产力的发展,发达国家发展高新技术等新兴产业,把污染比较严重的工业如钢铁工业转向发展中国家。

第35题 上海宝钢布局选址的主要区位因素是【】

A.接近原料地

B.接近消费市场

C.土地资源丰富

D.环境容量大

【正确答案】B

沪宁杭工业基地是我国最大的综合性工业基地,经济十分发达,但资源贫乏。因此,消费市场是上海宝钢布局选址的主要区位因素。

第36题 北京首钢迁至河北曹妃甸的主要目的是【】

A.缓解首都用地紧张

B.扩大市场需求

C.改善首都环境质量

D.减轻运输压力

【正确答案】C

第37题 世界石油资源最丰富的地区是【】

A.中亚

B.西亚

C.欧洲

D.非洲

【正确答案】B

西亚地区是世界上最重要的石油产区和出口区,其石油储量约占世界石油总储量的一半。

第38题 下列省区中,易发生滑坡灾害的是【】

A.黑龙江

B.江苏省

C.四川

D.内蒙古自治区

【正确答案】C

四川省位于第一级阶梯和第二级阶梯交界处,地势较陡,且该地区多降水,易发生滑坡灾害。

第39题 图中M海峡是【】

A.英吉利海峡

B.马六甲海峡

C.麦哲伦海峡

D.白令海峡

【正确答案】D

读图可知,M海峡位于180°经线附近,故为白令海峡。

第40题 图中表示国际日期变更线的是【】

A.①

B.②

C.③

D.④

【正确答案】B

国际上规定,把东、西十二区之间的180°经线作为国际日期变更线,简称日界线。但为了照顾180°经线附近一些地区和国家使用日期的方便,日界线避免通过陆地,因此它不完全在180°经线上。

二、非选择题:本大题共6小题,满分70分。

第41题 材料:公元前1046年,活动于关中渭水流域的周族在武王姬发统领下,东进灭商,建立周朝,史称西周,西周初年,广建封国,拱卫王室,扩展疆城,“立国七十一,姬性独居五十三人,”图4为西周分封示意图。

概述西周分封制的内容和作用。

【正确答案】内容:将王族、功臣和先代贵族分封到各地,建立诸侯国;(3分)诸侯要服从周王的命令,纳贡,派兵随从作战。(2分)

作用:巩固了国家政权;(3分)使西周成为一个疆域空前广大的国家。(3分)

第42题 材料

红军长征从被动到主动,踏上胜利道路,转折点是遵义会议。遵义会议确定了毛泽东同志在红军和党中央的领导地位,开始确立了以毛泽东同志为代表的党中央的正确路线,使红军和党中央得以在极其危急的情况下保存下来,为我们党从挫折走向胜利提供了重要保证。这是我们党走向成熟的重要标志。以毛泽东同志为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体逐步形成,是我们党在领导中国革命的实践中,经过胜利和失败的长期比较作出的历史性选择。

——胡锦涛:《在纪念红军长征胜利70周年大会上的讲话》

概述遵义会议的内容和意义。

【正确答案】内容:结束了王明“左”倾错误在党中央的统治,肯定了毛泽东的正确主张,确立了毛泽东在中央的领导地位。(6分)

意义:在最危急的关头,挽救了党,挽救了红军,挽救了中国革命;是党走向成熟的重要标志。(6分)

第43题 在1929~1933年资本主义世界经济危机空前严重的背景下,美国罗斯福政府推行新政改革。概述罗斯福新政在财政金融、工业、农业、社会保障领域的主要内容及新政的作用。

【正确答案】内容:整顿财政金融,恢复银行信用;(2分)颁布国家工业复兴法,整顿工业企业;(2分)调整农业,鼓励农民缩减生产规模;(2分)扩大社会福利,兴办公共工程。(2分)

作用:减轻了经济危机的危害,促进了社会生产力的恢复,缓和了社会矛盾;(2分)开创了资本主义国家干预经济的模式。(2分)

第44题

(1)图中甲示意是__________河,乙示意的是__________河,乙河流域容易发生旱涝灾害的主要自然因素是__________。

(2)班加罗尔成为印度高新技术产业的中心,其主要区位条件有:①__________②__________

【正确答案】(1)印度(1分)恒(1分)受西南季风影响,年降水量不稳定(4分)

(2)科技人才密集(高等院校众多)、交通通信便利、环境质量好(4分)(答出其中两点即可得分)

第45题

(1)图中的沙漠名称是__________

(2)图示区域中城镇分布的主要特点是__________,形成这种分布的主要影响因素的是__________。

(3)图中河流主要靠__________补给,最大补给量出现在__________(季节)。

(4)图中的管道是著名的__________工程。

【正确答案】(1)塔克拉玛干沙漠(2分)

(2)沿着山前河流分布或沙漠边缘(绿洲)(3分)(答得合理,酌情给分)接近水源(2分)

(3)高山冰川积雪融水(2分)(答得合理,酌情给分)夏季(2分)

(4)西气东输(2分)

第46题

(1)图中①曲线表示__________的消费变化,②曲线表示__________的消费变化。

(2)21世纪上半叶消费增长最快的能源是__________。

(3)核能和太阳能的发展趋势是_________。

(4)概述20世纪各种能源消费比例的变化特点。

【正确答案】(1)煤炭石油(每空2分)

(2)天然气(2分)

(3)消费比重不断增加(2分)(答得合理,酌情给分)

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