教案2英语国家文化

关键词：词汇

教案2英语国家文化（精选6篇）

篇1：教案2英语国家文化

学科：英语

任课教师：解丽萍课题：

澳大利亚教材与学生分析：

教材分析：本节课主要介绍澳大利亚的一些地标性建筑，包括历史背景，文化背景及现状等。还有英语国家的一些重要节日。

学生分析：对于高职高专学生来说，对这些知识有一定的了解，但并不深入。

教学目标：大学生不仅有必要学好英语语言能力还应该对英语国家社会与文化基本情况进行大致了解。通过对本课的学习，让学生对这些地标性建筑及一些重要节日有更加深入细致的了解

教学重点难点：

重点：对澳大利亚的简介及一些地标性建筑的深刻的认识。难点：地标性建筑的历史背景及文化背景。

教学方法：详解与讨论并用教具：多媒体教学过程：第一步：导入出示英国的一些图片

澳大利亚简介

地理位置

大利亚的官方名称是澳大利亚联邦，位于南半球，在印度洋和太平洋之间。由澳大利亚大陆和主要的岛屿塔斯马尼亚等诸多小岛组成。海岸线总长度为36,700公里。陆地面积770万平方公里。澳大利亚是世界第六大国，也是世界上第一大岛，还是世界上最小的大洲，与世界其它地方远远分开。

第二步：介绍

出示英国的一些著名的地标

悉尼歌剧院澳大利亚国家图书馆悉尼大桥

英美国家主要传统节日与习俗情人节复活节

愚人节万圣节母亲节感恩节

圣诞节

第三步：学生活动

就图片让学生去介绍这些地标的情况，通过学生的介绍了解学生对澳大利亚文化的了解程度第四步：讲解

通过老师更详细全面的讲解各个地标的背景，文化，故事，及意义。第五步：作业

听完概况之后的感受，写在自己的作业本上。

篇2：教案2英语国家文化

American Indians , who were mistakenly called by Columbus, moved to the

Americas from Asia about 25 000 years ago.They developed their own aboriginal cultures and some of them such as the Aztecs, the Incas and the mayas were very advanced when Europeans arrived in the New World.But, as a result of European conquest, the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessly destroyed.2.the Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congresson July 4,1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for

their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document

declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of governments:the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governmemts was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.3.Ggeorge Washington

George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States.4.Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic He was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States.5.Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the U.S.Constitution.6.the Articles of Confederation

After the War of Independence was won, the new nation of the United States was organized under the agreement of the Articles of Confederation with a weak national

government called the Congress.Each state had its own government, made its own laws and handle its internal affairs.The states did not cooperate with the Congress and with each other.The Congress had no power to force anystate to contribute money to the national government and the Congress could not tax any citizen either.As a ressult,the Articles of Confederation failed.7.the Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights consssists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.8.Eli Whitney

Eli Whitney is an American inventor who invented the cotton gin, which made

removing the seeds from the bolls of cotton much easier.He also began manufacuring rifles with machinery, using interchanageable part.This contributed to the American system of mass

production.9.service industries

Service industries are industries that sell a service rather than make a product.Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants.Aas more and more people are employed iin service industries in the US, it is sometimed said that the US has moved into a “post-industrial era “.10.stock

When starting or expanding business, corporations need to borrow money.They may issue stocks for people to buy.When people buy stock, they become part owner of the company.If the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it.Likewise, if the company loses money, the stockholders will not make a profit or the value of their shares will drop---they lose money.Therefore buying s tock is a risk.11.Mattin Luther Ling,Jr

Martin Luther King,Jr.,an Atlanta-born Baptist minister, was the leader of the

Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of the 1960s.To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregationand other kindds of social injustice, King organized a series of “marches”.King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful protest, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.12.Counter Culture

In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left appeared a

phenomenon that historians called the “counter culture.” The Counter Culture rejected capitalism andd other American principles.They had morals different from those taught by their parents.Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.The counter culture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social

mores,marriage,career,and success.13.Now:

With the publication of The Feminine Mystique in 1963,Betty Friedan became the chief spokesperson of the Women’s Liberation Movement.In her book,she compared the American family,or the American society as a whole,to a “comfortable concentration camp”,where women were discriminated against and oppressed.In 1996,she helped to found the national Organization for Women(NOW).A reform organization,NOW battle for “equal rights in parnership with men.14.white-collar crimes

White-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as the

crimes of fraud,false advertising,corporate price fixing,bribery,embezzlement,industrial pollution,tax evasion and so on.Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overrlook white-collar crimes.In fact,white-collarcrimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies.Some sociologists aargue that the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes.15.the abuse of power by government

People believe that public organizations in the United States sometimes work in concert to advance their own interests rather than those of the people.Government in America is widely distrusted for the lack of answerability.Americans were convinced that the Johnson and Nixon administrations were deliberately and systematically lying to the people in the war against Vietnam and in the Watergate scandal.The FBI and the CIA are responsible for thousands of illegal acts.All these acts show the abuse of power by government.16.Richard Nixon

Richard Buxib was the former President of the United states… Iin the early 1970s, he was involved in the Watergate scandal, for which he was forced to resign from the presidency.17.the Prairies

The prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba lie east of the Rockies.The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continental climate.They are called the breadbasket of Canada becaussse the land is well-suited to farming, and wheat is one of the biggest agricultural crops in this area.The praairies are also rich in energy resources.18.central Canada

Central Canada, Ontario and Quebec, are the parts of the country that were first settled.They are the industrial heartland of the country and are also the most densely populated provincees.They have the largest cities like Toronto and Montreal.19.The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

The canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which was introduced in 1982, expressed the idea thaat any ethnic, racial and religious groups which wanted to retain their cultural identity would be supported by the federal government.This promise was further strengthened and explained in the 1988 Multiculturalism Act.20.Structures of governmeent

Canada’s systerm of government is based on the British system of parliamentary democracy.Like Britain,Canada is a monarchy.The official head of state is the Queen, but she is represented by an official called a Governor General as she doesn’t live in Canada.Canada is a federation with ten provinces and two territories.The government of the country is referred to as “the federal government”,to distinguish it from the lower level government of each province.21.Immigration Act 1976

The Immigration Act 1976 encouraged Asian immigration, offering passports to those with capital and entrepreneurial skills.Would-be immigrants with more than $250 000(Cdn)to invest in businesses that will create jobs and wealth wer welcomed to settle in Canada.This created a new category of ”entrepreneurial immigrants”.22.The Canadian Mosaic

Canada is a nation of immigrants.When Canada is described as a mosaic, it

meaans that each if the immigrant groups do not have to throw off their oldd customs, languages and traditions, because there is no particular concept of an overarching

Canadian identity..This resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other.23.“the First Nnations”

The First Nations are the native tribes of aboriginal people who lived in Canada before the European explorers settled.They were officially referred to as “the First

Nations”because they are the original inhabitants of the country, and because there is not one single group or culture----there are many”nations”,or tribes, which have different languages,customs and beliefs.24.migrant workers

Many big farms hire temporary workers only for a specific chore---such as picking crops.Many of these seasonal workers travel from farm to farm,staying only until the cropss are picked…They are known as migrant workers.25.Samuel Slater

In 1793,Samuel Slater built the first factory in the United States---a cotton cloth factory in Pawtuckket,Rhode Island.He built the factory from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England.The success of his factory started a process of

篇3：教案2英语国家文化

语言是人类文化的载体, 言语表现形式更要受语言赖以存在的社会的生活方式、价值观念、思维方式、宗教信仰、民族心理和性格等制约和影响。所以, 学习一种语言, 不仅要掌握这种语言的结构, 而且还要了解该种语言所依附的文化背景, 从而拓宽学生的文化视野, 丰厚学生的文化功底, 这就要求英语教学要把语言和文化有机地结合起来, 使二者同步发展, 结合语言教学的内容, 适时地介绍英语国家的文化习俗和宗教信仰等, 以提高教学效果。

语言学习归根结底是用来交流的, 语言教学的最终目的是培养学生用该语言进行交际的能力。因此, 英语教学应把语言教学和文化知识教学融为一个整体, 促使学生把语言知识、语言技能和文化知识有机地结合起来, 才能学到地道的语言。现如今好多英语学习者脱离了英语语言的文化背景, 单纯地记忆单词和语法, 导致了高分低能的现象。这就要求教师在英语教学中, 插入对英语国家文化的传授。例如:英语学习的一个大背景就是圣经, 所以教师在课堂中, 要适时地插入圣经的内容,

如:The Story in the Paradise and the Story of Noah’s Ark.在教授高职高专英语第三册Unit2 Western Holidays时, 可以用现代中国人已经接受的西方国家圣诞节、情人节等节日来引出课文, 进而展开介绍西方不同国家的节日庆祝文化, 同时与中国本土的春节、劳动节、国庆节等比较来展开教学。

由此看来, 学习英语国家的文化是英语学习中必不可少的一项内容。

2 文化教学的有利影响

英语教学中文化的渗透对教学有着极为重要的影响。

(1) 有助于提高学生学习英语的兴趣, 调动学生学习英语的积极性, 进一步拓展学生的知识面、提高学生的理解能力

英语课堂中, 单纯讲授单词、语法等知识点, 已经不能很好地吸引学生的学习兴趣。现在学生调皮、可爱, 追求时尚与个性, 所以英语课堂教学内容也应该活起来。将英语国家的文化背景、风俗习惯、礼仪等插入进去可以大大加强学生的学习兴趣, 调动学生的学习积极性。不少人崇洋媚外, 总喜欢去模仿国外的东西, 教师可以抓住这一心理特点, 开展英语教学, 同时要注意中国传统文化与国外文化的比较。不要顾此失彼, 一味地学习国外的风俗习惯, 而忽略我国最值得传承的文化。

(2) 有助于学生准确地运用英语语言, 了解外国人禁忌, 从而提高了文化交际能力

英语教学不仅要培养学生的语言技能, 更要培养学生的使用语言的能力, 使学生在与外国人的交流过程中运用自如, 避免答非所问, 造成不必要的麻烦。例如, 在我国讲究尊老爱幼, 公交车上, 见到年长的、年幼的很多人主动让座以示礼貌;朋友间互称老张、老李是显得亲切自然。然而在西方他们会全身心地投入到工作当中, 来证明自己的价值;他们更喜欢别人叫他们的名字, 可以显得两人距离小些。中国人当只有自己比对方年纪大或职位高时才能直呼姓名, 否则, 认为不礼貌, 但与西方人交谈时, 就要按西方人的习惯称呼对方。

(3) 在语言知识教学中教授文化涵义和文化是不可分割的

董亚芬教授指出:“任何一种民族语言都是该民族的重要组成部分和载体, 语言材料中篇章、句子甚至每个词无不包含着本民族的文化信息。”词汇是构筑语言大厦的基石, 它所承载的文化信息是很重要的。有文化内涵的词汇, 教师不仅要讲授它的字面含义, 还要介绍其文化内涵, 使词汇真正具有交际作用。比如在西方, 家庭的核心即一对夫妇加上儿女, 注重培养家庭成员的独立性。儿女长大成人后, 便离开父母, 自立门户, 组织自己的核心家族。而中国家族多为延伸家族, 家族成员之间的关系是互补性, 中国人崇尚大家族。有一位学者在上大学时曾有这样的经历, 日本老师上完课后, 他为了向老师表示感谢, 对老师说“先生”, 其汉语意思是“老师您辛苦了”。老师听了这句话非但不高兴, 反而很生气。纠其原因是我们不知其文化涵义。在对年龄和社会地位的等级意识很强的日本, 这句话只能用于尊长对晚幼辈所做事情的评价。学生这样评价老师是绝对不可以的。如果不了解这种民族的深层文化, 就很难与这个民族沟通。语言与文化水乳交融, 密切联系, 互相影响, 互相制约。文化创造了丰富的语言, 语言中蕴涵着不同社会特殊的文化背景, 打下了深刻的文化烙印。离开了文化, 语言就会成为无源之水, 无本之木。在语言教学中, 一个词、一种表达方式都可能包含着本民族的文化信息。教师应不失时机地向学生传授这种文化信息。

3 加强文化知识的教学, 但时刻要注意分清主次, 切不可喧宾夺主

没有文化内涵的支撑, 纵然语言学得再好, 也只是管中窥豹, 只见一斑, 不能欣赏英语的美丽。因此, 无论是老师的教学, 还是学生的学习, 都应该认识到文化的重要性。语言的运用离不开文化背景的存在, 但是过于注重文化而忽视知识的学习也不能达到很好的效果。所以我们在加强文化知识渗入的同时, 要分清主次, 用文化知识促进教学, 用文化知识活跃教学。

例如, 培养学生用英语介绍中华民族灿烂的文化。英语教学融入文化教学, 一方面使我们的学生大量了解和接纳异族文化, 另一方面, 我们还要利用英语这一工具, 介绍和宣传中华民族灿烂的文化, 实现和世界的双向交流, 使学生不仅能吸收外来文化的精华, 也使他们成为我国对外文化交流、沟通的使者。教师在教授外国语言文化的同时, 也要介绍中国文化的表达方式, 使学生在对中外文化的比较、鉴赏中吸取中外文化的精华。但外语教学首先是语言教学, 传授语言知识, 培养学生的语言技能仍是教学主体, 输入文化知识是为了补充和完善外语教学, 使学习者能够准确恰当而得体地运用英语进行和谐交际。

4 促进文化教学的方法

(1) 精读课是传授社会文化知识的有利阵地

精读课在英语教学中所占的比例最大, 课时最多, 并且学生在其中能接触到各种外文材料。教师应利用这个时机, 适时向学生传授目的语国家的政治、文学、宗教、历史、地理、风俗习惯、思想观念等文化背景知识。既能开阔学生的视野, 扩大学生的知识面, 又有助于学生更好地理解所学内容。在教学过程中, 教师可以将文化知识贯穿于语言知识, 采用对比教学的方法, 使学生初步获得一种移情能力。培养语言技能并不是英语教学的全部, 充分利用精读课堂这块阵地, 更多地向学生教授社会文化知识, 真正提高学生的交际能力, 才是我们培养的目标。

(2) 提高教师文化素养

培养学生的跨文化意识, 教师首先要具有丰富的文化功底。这就要求教师要不断提高自己的文化水平, 尤其是外语教师, 不仅应该在学术上提高自己, 还要求在文化知识方面广泛阅读, 扩宽视野。在现代社会多元文化共同发展的今天, 英语教师除了了解英国、美国等本族语国家的各种文化以外, 还应对澳大利亚、加拿大、德国、法国等国家的文化进行更深层次的学习。正所谓“给学生一杯水, 老师要有一桶水”, 随时“添水”、“换水”, 不要使自己的一桶水成为“陈年老水”。尤其在信息时代知识更新迅速的今天, 老师不仅仅满足于原有的一桶“陈年老水”, 要更换更有营养价值的“优质矿泉水”和“活水”。

(3) 转变课堂教学模式

传统的课堂教学是老师讲、学生听, 老师说、学生记的教学方法, 在竞争日益激烈的社会, 越来越多的学者研究新型的课堂教学方法和模式, 并取得卓越成绩。互动教学、启发式教学、合作学习、情景练习等系列教学模式应运而生, 但其应用则需要教师在实践中认真摸索, 根据学生实际适时调整教学手段。除此以外, 教师还可以在课堂上播放经典的英文电影、视频教材等资料, 如:英文歌曲、《走遍美国》等, 让学生更多地接触原声影音, 活跃课堂氛围的同时, 提高自己的语音、语感。

(4) 正确运用多媒体教学

多媒体教学已经在教学中广泛应用, 不少教师通过精心准备课件, 在课堂教学中向学生展示更直接生动的图文信息, 甚至的语音、视频等资料, 提高了信息容量。但教师在课堂教学中的主导地位是多媒体所无法取代的, 不能一味地依赖多媒体, 造成“只见机器不见人, 只见画面不见文”的情况。更不能让学生眼睛始终盯着屏幕, 以避免单调。如果由过去教师讲的传统的单调走向新的现代化的单调, 这样就有些本末倒置了。任何情况下, 教师都应该是课堂的主导, 多媒体教学只是一种辅助性的教学手段, 不能过分夸大它的作用, 更不能让它替代教师的有创造性的工作, 从而陷入华而不实的境地。

当今社会迫切需要复合型专业人才, 语言类人才所需要的不仅仅能说一口漂亮的外语, 更要懂得其使用规则。如果没有文化方面的知识, 如果不了解文化方面的可接受性和不可接受性, 那么, 交际很可能会产生障碍甚至失败。由此可见, 英语教学培养高素质的、具有跨文化交际能力的人才, 在重视语言形式正确性的同时, 要教授语言的使用规则。当然, 教师始终要分清主次, 以教学为中心, 采取多种教学手段将文化知识融入到教学当中, 做到用文化知识促进教学, 用文化知识活跃教学。

摘要：本文通过论述加强英语文化教学的重要性、必然性以及文化对教学的有利影响等, 论证了在英语教学中应当加强文化教学但不能主次颠倒, 进而从方法论上指明了加强文化教学的途径。

关键词：文化,教学,英语,加强

参考文献

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[3]陶冶.浅谈高职英语教学中的跨文化意识培养[J].佳木斯教育学院学报, 2012 (8) .

[4]王德伦, 王慧莉, 刘文宇.浅谈研究生英语课程教学[J].学位与研究生教育, 2004 (4) .

[5]杨平.非英语国家的英语教学中的文化问题[J].国外外语教学, 1995 (1) .

篇4：如何学习“英语国家文化”

学生在开始学习这门课程时，一般感到不太适应，一是因为教材或阅读材料中生词太多，专有名词、专业术语难读难记。二是因为涉及的专业、学科太多，内容庞杂广泛，抓不住重点。这些都妨碍了这门课程的学习，也影响英语水平的全面提高。

如何克服这些困难，达到既学知识又提高英语水平的目的？笔者在此就如何学好这门课程敢献管窥之见，希望能对学生有所裨益。

一、首先要明确学习“英语国家文化”的重要性，这是学好这一课程的关键

一些学生往往认为学习英语就是背生词，记语法，念课文。而教师中亦有不少只言学的角度单纯强调语言符号系统的教学，从事语音，语法和词汇的教学。我们知道，语言是文化的一部分，是文化的载体。因此语言的学习既包括语言符号系统的学习，也包括文化知识系统的学习。忽视文化知识，就不会真正学好一种语言。

当前在中国的英语教学中，尽管经以前重视文化因素，但重语言轻文化的也为数不少。有的学生考试成绩很好，但在英语国家并不能应付自如，甚至在与英美人士交际时笑话百出。比如，英美人士说：“ That's a beautiful senater you're wearing”（你穿的毛衣很漂亮。）中国学生错误地回答为：“Oh ， no ， I've had this ugly old thing for years.”（不，不漂亮。这件难看的毛衣我已穿了多年了。）正确的回答应为：“Thank you. My monther knitted it for me several years ago.”（谢谢。它是我母亲几年前给我织的。）这就是所谓的“文化差异”，或叫“文化冲击”。对这些语句，不能单用语法结构分析来学习理解，而要了解英语国家的文化前景和语言使用能力。正如胡文仲先生所言：“语言是文化的一种表现形式，不了解英美文化，要学好英语是不可能的。反过来说，越深刻细致地了解所学语言国家的历史、文化、传统、风俗习惯、生活方式以致生活细节、就越能正确理解和准确地使用这一语言。”

二、学习英语国家文化要始终与学习英语紧密相连，做到有机结合

强调文化知识的重要性并不是要否定语言符号系统学习的重要性。而是要把学习文化与学习语言有机结合，即学习文化时不忘学习语言，学习语言时不忘学习文化。文化与语言本来就是不可分的。“语言与文化互相影响、互相作用；才能一箭双雕，取得最佳效果。”

一些同学在学习英语国家地理时，不愿意花气力去练习发准、发好地名、山脉、河流等名称的读音，也不愿意花气力去记住它们的拼写。这些都不利于文化和语言的学习。因为这些词在英语国家每天都在大量使用，就像中国人使用“北京”、“长江”、“泰山”这些词一样频繁。记不住这些词，或者发音不准确，都会影响听力和与英美人士的交际，所以既要掌握这些词的语言符号系统，也要掌握它们所蕴涵的地理知识，二者不可偏废。

三、要学好英语国家文化，一定要提纲挈领，抓住重点

英美文化知识浩如烟海，包括政治、经济、历史、地理、文学、艺术、教育、体育、风俗、习惯等等，作为一个学习英语的学生，不可能样样都通，面面开花。那么在英美文化的知识海洋里，如何才能抓住重点并兼学其它呢？

首先要明确英语文化中哪些才算是重点。杨藻镜先生对此有精辟的论述：“学术界一般将文化分为表层文化、中层文化和深层文化。表层又称器物文化，多指有形的，可以感知的物质及精神产品，主要指食品、服装、器物、烟、酒、茶等的文化；中层文化又称制度文化，多指人际关系中的礼俗文化，行为方式等；深层文化又称观念文化，如：人的价值观念、方式、社会心态、审美观念等。”要对表层文化、中层文化有感知和了解，这是理解深层文化的基础。除了课本上的内容，还要尽可能多涉猎一些相关的其他书籍、报刊、资料等，以扩大知识面。在此基础上，特别要注意深层文化的学习。善于归纳和总结，以点带面，高屋建瓴，既要掌握大量、广泛的英美文化信息和资料，也要能用正确的观点进行分析、综合、归纳、做到举一反三、触类旁通，收到事半功倍的效果。

四、学习英语国家文化，要善于使用比较方法

比较中、西方的文化，能帮助我们更加看清楚两种文化的差异，找出根源，取长补短，丰富和发展民族文化。在学习英语国家文化时不能也不应该回避中西文化比较。关键是要有正确的政治观点。只要用正确的观点来指导文化比较，就会吸取西方文化中的有利成分，抵制和摒弃其不利的腐朽成分。这样，不但能加深对英美文化的理解，而且还能提高分析和批判能力。比如，对中、西方教育制度进行比较，就会发现，西方较重视能力的培养，而中国则较注重知识的传授。

我们还可以比较不同英语国家的政治、经济、文化等，例如比较英美两国的政治制度。通过比较，我们可以看到，美国是典型的西方资本主义制度，而英国则是君主立宪制。通过比较，研究其根源，我们就会更清楚地了解英美两国历史的发展，更清楚地认识资本主义发展史。

正确地使用比较法能帮助我们了解中、西方的深层文化，能对西方文化的本质有更深入的理解，从而有助于语言能力和交际能力的提高。

篇5：教案2英语国家文化

——警示思考之对日军暴行的思考（教案）

教学目标

1、知识与能力：了解日军在南京犯下的滔天罪行，分析日军在南京大屠杀的原

因，认识军国主义思想对世界和平的威胁。

2、过程与方法：通过搜集相关史料，观看影像视频资料了解南京大屠杀的惨痛史实，了解日军灭绝人性的战争罪行，日军封锁否认南京大屠杀的行径，讨论并分析南京大屠杀发生的原因，揭露日军封锁、否认南京大屠杀消息的行径，认识日本军国主义罪恶本质。

3、情感态度与价值观：通过本课学习，使学生认识到：历史不会因时代变迁而改变，事实也不会因巧舌抵赖而消失。南京大屠杀惨案铁证如山、不容篡改。缅怀南京大屠杀的无辜死难者，缅怀所有惨遭日本侵略者杀戮的死难同胞，缅怀为中国人民抗日战争胜利献出生命的革命先烈和民族英雄，表达中国人民坚定不移走和平发展道路的崇高愿望，宣示中国人民牢记历史、不忘过去，珍爱和平、开创未来的坚定立场。

重点：了解南京大屠杀的史实，了解日本当局封锁南京大屠杀的消息

难点：讨论并分析南京大屠杀发生的原因；认识日本军国主义罪恶本质。

教学过程

一、南京大屠杀的发生

1、以小组为单位，分别展示课前搜集到的有关南京大屠杀的文字、图片、影像资料，缅怀所有惨遭日本侵略者杀戮的死难同胞。每组各选出一名同学代表，讲述这段沉重的历史记忆。（教师概括总结）

学生第一组：1937年12月13日，侵华日军在侵占南京后制造了二战中震惊中外长达六个星期之久的大屠杀事件，这是日军侵华战争期间无数起暴行中最集中、最突出、最有代表性的一例。

日军的屠杀达列了疯狂程度。从被俘士兵，杀到平民百姓;从青壮年，杀到老、弱、妇、婴;从工、农、商和城市贫民，杀到僧人和尼姑;甚至在国际团体为收容难民而组成的“安全区”内，日军也是要杀就杀。全城内外，“尸野遍地、人血染地”，其状惨不忍睹。

学生第二组：日军杀人手段残忍。除去通常的枪杀外，砍头、劈脑、刀戳、穿胸、剖腹、断肢、碎尸、活埋、活焚、淹死、冻死、饿死、炸死，还大批地用机枪集体射杀，再用刺刀补戳，最后弃尸江中，或放火烧尸，毁尸灭迹。

日军在南京城内四处强奸。南京妇女惨遭日军蹂踊者不可胜数。上至六、七十岁的老妇，下至八、九岁的幼女，甚至孕妇，凡是被日军抓获的，均遭强奸。妇女因被轮奸致死、奸后被杀，或者拒奸被杀、奸后自杀的，实属面广量大。

学生第三组：日军疯狂纵火焚烧。陷城之初，遍处大火，烈焰冲天，古城南京三分之一的建筑化为灰烬，损失不可胜计。至12月20日，日军惟恐烧之不足，复又从事全城有计划的纵火暴行，倘遇市民敢于冒险营救者，悉遭屠杀。市中心繁华地带被烧得断垣残壁，焦土无垠。

学生第四组：日军大肆抢劫财物。从粮食、牲畜、衣服、器皿、金银钱币，到珍贵的书籍字画、文物古玩等，无一不抢。不仅抢掠市民财物，也抢掠护士财物、病人被褥、难民粮食，甚至连美大使馆职员、美籍女教士和德国人的住宅，也先后遭抢劫，损失惨重。

教师总结：在纪念抗日战争胜利70周年之际，我们深切缅怀为民族解放而牺牲的仁人志士，无法忘却侵华日军在中国犯下的滔天罪行，特别是在南京大屠杀中惨遭日军屠杀的30万遇难同胞的深深伤痛。

2、以史为鉴，开拓未来，是我们对待历史悲剧的正确选择；忆昔抚今，警钟常鸣，才能避免历史悲剧重演!阅读P13-17，请思考：侵华日军进行南京大屠杀的原因是什么？（小组讨论）

学生第一组：从日军攻击南京的军事部署来看,日军兵分八路攻击南京,其意图显然是想占领中国的首都南京,并将中国精锐部队围歼于南京城下,彻底消灭中国军队的精锐力量。正因为如此,日军在占领南京后即展开所谓“扫荡”,大肆搜捕并屠杀放下武器的中国军人。

从战略角度来分析,南京是中国的首都,占领南京在政治上意义重大。从军事战略的角度来看,消灭中国军队的有生力量,打击和削弱中国军民的抗战意志,迫使中国政府与之签订城下之约,一举彻底解决所谓的“支那事变”,对日本来说则有着更为现实的意义。这是侵华日军南京大屠杀的直接原因。

学生第二组：日本军国主义有预谋的恐怖政策。其主要表现在：日本明治维新之后大肆宣传种族优越论，蔑视中国和亚洲的其他各民族；在战场上无视生命的尊严，无视国际法准则，下达了“应全部杀掉俘虏”的指令；发表“膺惩暴支”声明，占领中国首都，企图用暴力手段消灭中国人民的抗战意志。学生第三组：日军士兵因中国军民在战场上的反抗产生了报复心态。由于无条件执行上级命令而产生大肆滥杀的心态；在紧张枯燥的战争中形成了以杀人施暴取乐的扭曲心态；由于军国主义宣传，士兵们形成了以杀人越多越“光荣”的畸形心态。上述士兵的战场心态，导致了南京大屠杀的发生。

学生第四组：国军指挥官唐生智不成功的撤退计划，使遇难同胞中增加了9万名军人；另外，南京大屠杀的发生还与某些战场条件及日本军人的复杂心态有关。抢劫、纵火以及部分强奸是有组织地进行的。屠杀战俘、脱离部队的士兵以及非战斗人员，则是根据现地指挥官的命令执行的。”

教师补充：南京大屠杀是日本推行军国主义战争政策的产物。军国主义一般指崇尚武力和军事扩张，将穷兵黩武和侵略扩张作为立国之本，使政治、经济、文教等各领域的国家生活均从属于扩军备战和对外战争的政策。日本军国主义从1868年明治维新以后形成并发展，其思想渊源为古代、中世纪的日本武士道精神。而在军国主义意识支配下的武士道，对内成为毒化和控制日本国民思想的工具；对外则疯狂扩张，侵略亚洲各国，同时也将日本民族引向灾难，成为侵略战争的罪恶之源。

二、日本当局对南京大屠杀消息的封锁

侵华日军当局在南京大屠杀期间,十分重视对新闻舆论的控制与利用,除了组织、派遣了大批日本随军记者到南京采访,以虚假的报道掩盖日军大屠杀的真相外;还十分重视对西方中立国家新闻传媒界的工作。阅读教材P22-26，回答问题：

1、讨论并概括日军是如何封锁南京大屠杀消息的？

在开始阶段,日本当局首先设法拉拢、收买西方国家新闻传媒界的记者,企图软化西方国家新闻舆论。

其次,就是在日军占领南京后,长期封锁南京,从而切断西方记者关于南京大屠杀的新闻消息来源。

第三,就是派遣日本新闻检察官进驻上海电报大楼，监控上海的电讯机构，阻止英、美记者及时拍发出有关日军暴行与中国抗战的新闻电讯稿。第四,就是实施抵赖、欺骗与刁难、打击并施的两面政策。

小结：忘记历史就意味着背叛，否认罪责就意味着重犯。我们不应因一个民族中有少数军国主义分子发起侵略战争就仇视这个民族，战争的罪责在少数军国主义分子而不在人民，但人们任何时候都不应忘记侵略者所犯下的严重罪行。一切罔顾侵略战争历史的态度，一切美化侵略战争性质的言论，不论说了多少遍，不论说得多么冠冕堂皇，都是对人类和平和正义的危害。对这些错误言行，爱好和平与正义的人们必须高度警惕、坚决反对。

板书设计对日军暴行的思考

一、南京大屠杀的发生

1、沉重的历史记忆

2、惨剧何以发生

3、日军人性的扭曲

二、日本当局对南京大屠杀消息的封锁

1、对国际新闻舆论的控制

2、以虚假报道掩盖真相

篇6：英语国家概况模拟题2

Ⅰ.There are 20 questions in this part.Each question is followed by four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)

1.Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?

A.Catholics

B.Puritans

C.Quakers

D.Church of England

2.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of __________.A.The settlers of Virginia

B.The people of Pennsylvania

C.The colonists in New England

D.The people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution

3.The New Deal was started by _________.A.J.F.Kennedy

B.Franklin Roosevelt

C.George Washington

D.Thomas Jefferson

4.The United States produces as much as half of the world’s _______.A.Soybeans and corn

B.Cotton

C.Tobacco and vegetable oil

D.Wheat and rice

5.Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickinson’s poem.Which one is not?

A.Her poems mix gaiety and gloom.B.Her verses are filled with the names of faraway, exotic places.C.Her poems are very long and powerful.D.Her poems show that she was fascinated by both life and death.6.___________ was NOT written by Hemingway.A.Light in August

B.The Sun Also Rises

C.A farewell to arms

D.For Whom the Bell Tolls

7.In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?

A.Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high school

C.Elementary school, secondary school

D.Junior high school, senior high school

8.A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28,1963 when ____________ delivered his “I am a Dream” speech.A.John F.Kennedy

B.President Johnson

C.Marin Luther King, Jr.D.Mario Savio

9.The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called___________.A.the “Me Generation”

B.the “Lost Generation”

C.the “Hippies”

D.the “Beat Generation”

10.Which of the following does NOT belong to the White-collar crime?

A.tax evasion

B.bribery

C.robbery

D.false advertising

11.___________ led to the end of the Pony Express System.A.telephone

B.telegraph

C.railroad

D.steamboat

12.___________ made the first desktop PC.A.Bill Gates

B.IBM

C.Two young amateur inventors

D.Apple Computers

13.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian to New Mexico is _______________.A.the Appalachian Mountains

B.the Rocky Mountains

C.the Green Mountains

D.the Blue Ridge Mountains

14.Ronald Reagan used to be a _____________.A.basketball player

B.sports radio announcer

C.conservative political columnist

D.sports writer

15.Which of the following invention facilitated the out-migration-movement into suburban locations?

A.Automobile

B.Electric lawn mower

C.Mechanical reaper

D.telephone

16.In January 1965, President Johnson declared “___________” to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity.”

A.War against Vietnam

B.War against poverty

C.War against Japan

D.New Frontier program

17.Black Americans sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, “____________” affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.A.“Let it all hang out.”

B.“Hell, no, we won’t go.”

C.“We Shall Overcome”

D.“Speak your heart without interruption”

18.The three influential Canadian Prime Ministers have lot of things in common.Which of the following is the exception?

A.They came from Quebec and could speak French as fluently as English.B.They were educated as lawyers.C.They shard the vision of a strong, united Canada and worked hard to overcome the

regionalism of the country.D.They belong to the same political party.19.Around the beginning of 20th century, Chinese laborers came to Canada to ____________？

A.do fur trade

B.open shops

C.build the railroad

D.work as farmers and miners

20.In which period have Canada’s most famous and successful writes appeared?

A.post-war period

B.period of nation-building

C.early colonial period

D.pre-European period

Ⅱ.There are altogether 15blanks in the following sentences.Fill in the blanks and writer your answer at the corresponding places on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)

A.___21_____ officially proclaimed the birth of a new American nation.B.The Three Faiths in the U.S.refer to ____22_____, ____23_____ and ____24_____.C.Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: ____25_____, endowments and _____26_______.D.Former President Nixon said that ____27______ is America’s “number one enemy.”

E.Many people use the notion that American society is a _____28______while Canada is described as a ______29________.F.Canada’s preferred to establish a nation based on___30___, __31____ and ___32_____.G.______33______ may still be the great American game, even though it is also popular in

other countries.H.Two major political parties of the United States are ___ 34______and _____35______.III.Directions:(20%)

There are 10 questions in this part.Answer each of the questions in one full sentence and write you answer on the answer sheet.(20%)

36.What church do the majority of Americans belong to?

37.Who is the first Secretary of Treasury of the United States?

38.What is the best-known stock exchange in the United States?

39.Is The Waste Land written by Hemingway?

40.What is the symbol of the Republican Party?

41.Is research institutions mentioned in American higher education?

42.What are two basic characteristics of all social movements according to a professor of history?

43.When was voice and music first transmitted over the radio?

44.Did the counter culture exert a great influence upon people’s attitudes towards social mores, marriage, career and success?

45.Which province is the manufacturing heartland of Canada?