雅思作文常见替换

第一篇：雅思作文常见替换

雅思写作替换词

1.建筑

建筑 architecture建筑,  architectural style建筑风格,  traditional传统的 modern现代的,  postmodern后现代的 have aesthetic value有美学价值,  energy-efficient 节能的 function功能 functional 功能型的，实用的 historic site 历史遗迹 cultural relics 文化遗迹 national identity 民族特征 skyscraper 摩天大楼 courtyard dwellings 四合院 well-structured 结构完好的 representation n. 代表 crystallization结晶/civilization 文明 exterior appearance 外表 interior 内部的 eye sore 丑的东西 demolish, pull down 拆除 preserve保留,  devastation破坏,

2.环保:

environmental protection 环境保护 environmentally-friendly 环保的 preserve v.保护，保存 conserve  污染： Pollute= contaminate, pollutant  Pollution=contamination 垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), dump，recycle  plastic bags, drinking cans biodegradable packaging可降解包装,  throwaway 可丢弃的 disposable 可丢弃的 ~ product  discourage v. 不鼓励 燃料 non-renewable 不可再生的 fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源 alternative energy替代能源 replace=substitute v.取代 (wind power, hydropower水电,  solar (lunar) power太阳能,  nuclear power核能 tidal power潮汐 radioactivity n. 辐射性 use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽 conserve v. 节省，节约,  consume less v. 少消耗

危害动物:  poaching非法打猎，盗猎,  damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,  rare breed稀有物种,  endangered species濒危物种,  extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear),  animal rights activist动物权益保护者 ,  natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,  protect wildlife保护野生动物,  disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,  have disastrous effect on…对。。。有灾难性的影响 危害植物:  vegetation植被 deforestation森林消失,  landslide山体滑坡,  危害环境:  carbon dioxide二氧化碳, greenhouse gas emission destroy ozone layer  acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀) greenhouse effect温室效应 (worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化) global warming全球变暖 ecological system=ecosystem生态系统 green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤) arouse people’s awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识

动物： vivisection 活体解剖 perform/conduct experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验 1  animal rights 动物权益 cruel and barbaric 残忍和野蛮的 inhumane 不仁道的 alternative methods替代方式，其他方式 torture 折磨 right to live 生命权 life-threatening diseases威胁生命的疾病 medical technique医疗技术 clinical research 临床研究 vaccine 疫苗 anatomy解剖

3.教育 学校:

nursery托儿所 kindergarten幼儿园 primary school/elementary school小学,  secondary school中学教育 higher education高等教育 tertiary level

further education进修 教育: parenting, schooling, enroll 入学admit 招收，录取 Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做。。。 compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育selective，compulsory military service ，minors 未成年人adolescence ，teenager/teen ，youth，youngster immature 不成熟的

学习的好处 learn skills学习技能 acquire knowledge学习知识， enrich knowledge丰富知识,  widen horizon开阔视野,  inspire interest激发兴趣,  stimulate interest激发兴趣,  cultivate v. 培养 hobbies develop potentials conduce to mental development lay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础

学习上的问题:  lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力,  test-oriented education应试型教育,

teacher-centred education student-centred education money-oriented

quality education 素质教育 cram for examinations突击考试,  stuff 塞

materials memorise背, memorisation,  rote learning死记硬背 Test-taking techniques应试技巧

坏处： discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维 students stop questioning what they 2 are being taught 学生们不去质问他们学习的东西 conduce to academic performance有助学习表现 Adversely influence 负面地影响(动作) Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对。。。产生负面影响 Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences one’s academic performance. Creativity 创造性 Come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价 Lower/raise the standard of…降低了。。。的水平

工作: Full-time, part-time, casual job，white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer,  收入: income, earnings, wages, salary,revenue

职业好: enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating令人着迷的 Steady稳定的 provide many opportunities for…提供各种。。。的机会,  give me a sense of satisfaction/accomplishment给我一种满足感、成就感,  apply what I have learnt to my job把我学的用在工作中,  put my talent into full play充分发挥我的天分,  improve my interpersonal and communicative skills提高我的人际交往和交流能力, improve my independence独立能力, well-fare福利 benefit future development将来的发展,  不好:  demanding难做的,  stressful有压力的,  tiring累人的, exhausting令人筋疲力尽的, boring无聊的,  routine work常规工作,  repetitive重复性的,  work overtime/extra hours加班 workaholic工作狂,  repetitive strain injuries职业病,  adverse conditions恶劣的工作条件,  Personnel, human resources 人力资源

4.新闻,媒体 媒体: medium-media:

read newspapers watch TV programs surf the Internet see movies up-to-date information最新的信息,  access v. n. 接触 The internet enables people to have easy access to various information.  记者：reporter, journalist, paparazzi 狗仔队(复数)tabloid  读者群Readership 观众audience 报道：news coverage/TV coverage

好处:  provide us with rich information给我们提供丰富的信息,  entertain us是我们得到娱乐,  enable people to relax使人们得到放松,  disseminate/spread knowledge传播知识,  keep people well-informed使人信息灵通 download, upload, write your blogs, share your feelings with friends

坏处:  information overload/explosion, 信息爆炸 Uncensored information corrupts children’s minds.未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵。 Violence n.暴力, pornography n.色情,  obscene色情的, violent暴力的, pornographic色情的 objectionable content不良信息 cyber crime网络犯罪 (financial crime)

net cafe  Internet-addicted 上网成瘾的 isolation 孤立, isolated 孤立的 unsociable不善社交的

3 新闻审查制度: censorship filter objectionable content过滤不良内容,  provide a safe and pleasant cyber environment 提供一个安全美好的网络空间 invade one’s privacy侵犯隐私,  deprive people of the freedom of speech剥夺人们言论自由,  freedom of the press新闻自由 People are deprived of the freedom of speech. 人们被剥夺了言论自由。

5.交通 Means of public transport: airplane, ship, cruises, ferry, coach, shuttle bus, light rail mobility移动性 pedestrian行人 traffic conditions  (worsen, deteriorate, go from bad to worse), 交通状况恶化 traffic regulations/codes交通规则 (obey遵守, violate违背),  traffic congestions, traffic jams,  heavy traffic拥挤的交通 light traffic比较畅通的交通,  crowded street拥挤的道路 Cars dominate our roads. 车辆占满了我们的道路。 vehicle车辆

Drink-driving酒后驾车 careless driving talking on a phone

观点:  adopt effective transport strategy采取有效的交通策略 traffic-calming measures减轻交通拥堵的措施 Relieve the pressure on traffic, 减轻交通方面的压力 encourage people to use public transport, 鼓励大家使用公交 carpool拼车 build more cycle lanes 自行车道,  encourage Park and Ride 停车换乘 raise the price of fuels 提高油价 impose higher tax 征收高额的税 Subsidise public transport 补贴公共交通 City council市政府 飞机： No other means of transport can be compared with airplanes for its convenience and speed.

6.食品健康 healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle久坐的,  an active lifestyle积极锻炼的,  excessive intake of…吃过多的。。 fast food快餐 convenience food方便食品 diabetes, diarrhea腹泻, respiratory disease, nutrition营养 balanced diet均衡的饮食 protein蛋白质, vitamin维生素,  fibre纤维 mineral矿物质, high in... canned food

incurable disease绝症 depression抑郁症 obesity肥胖症-obese

overweight stress-related diseases和压力有关的疾病 therapy (非药物)治疗 treatment 治疗 运动好处 Relieve=ease=alleviate 减轻stress aerobic exercises有氧运动 vigorous有活力的 energetic经历充沛的 refreshing提神的 refresh your mind and body 提神 train 4 your muscle肌肉 improve blood circulation血液循环 increase flexibility提高灵活性 drain 排出 cultivate stamina and persistence培养耐力和毅力 develop teamwork spirit 培养团队合作精神 conduce to physical fitness身体健康 jeopardize= damage 危害 pesticide ，genetic modification，genetically-modified food

7.犯罪,社会问题

criminal(offender)罪犯 commit crime犯罪, commit suicide  robbery抢劫, murder谋杀, prostitution卖淫, gambling赌博, drug-dealing贩毒, drug dealer, heroin, marijuana, ecstasy, ADD/ADHD drug

social security社会治安stability稳定 capital punishment, death penalty死刑,  sentence (v.) to death 判死刑 deter crimes威慑 right to life生存权,

breadwinner经济支柱 rear a child养孩子 offense罪, offender罪犯,  compulsory retirement 强制退休 nursery 托儿所 nursing house老人院 longer imprisonment 长期监禁

家庭问题/青少年问题 single-parent family单亲家庭,  extended family大家庭,  minors未成年人, adolescent青春期的,  sibling兄弟姊妹 Peer pressure 同辈人的压力 foster, raise, bring up, rear a child抚养孩子,  spoil溺爱, indulge放纵 run wild撒野, go astray走上歧途 juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪,  obesity肥胖症, depression抑郁症,  bullying恃强凌弱 absenteeism缺席 (truancy, play truant) 父母应该： give proper parental guidance父母的引导 set example for children为孩子树立榜样 encourage 鼓励 help build up confidence 帮助建立信心 motivate 鼓舞 discipline their children约束孩子 well-bred有教养的 learn how to behave themselves学会行为得体 act properly 行为得体

8.科技

technology-dependent依赖科技的,  breakthrough of technology科技突破, technology

5 innovation科技创新,  innovative 创新的renovate v.  up-to-date/ up-to-minute/cutting-edge最新的

accelerate/speed up the pace of life 加速生活节奏 reshape our life重新塑造我们的生活 improve life quality提高生活质量 convenience方便 efficiency效率 telecommunication电讯 assembly line流水线 give people more leisure time给人们更多休闲时间,  The development of technology has made it possible for people to do  科技的发展使人们做。。。成为可能 increase life expectancy 增加平均寿命 find cures for some diseases transplant organ 移植器官 two-edge sword/weapon 双刃剑 mass destruction weapons大规模杀伤性武器 chemical weapons化学武器 inspiration，inspire，promote space technology ，heart pacemaker，freeze dried vegetables ，microwave

9.全球化

cultural diversity文化多元化 cultural treasures文化宝藏 cross-cultural communication跨文化交流 cultural reconstruction文化重建 heritage遗产 achievements of art艺术成就 human civilization人类文明 mainstream culture主流文化 cultural traditions文化传统 national pride民族自豪 local customs and practices风土人情 national identity and value民族特性和价值观 venue场所 spread knowledge传播知识 nurture imagination培养想象力、 be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系 cause irreversible damage造成不可逆转的损失 remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解

语言： lesser-used languages 使用很少的语言 language acquisition 语言习得 linguistics 语言学 linguist 语言学家 on the verge of extinction 处在灭绝的边缘 universal language 世界语 intellectual development 智力发展 grammatical rules语法规则 context 上下文 technical terms 专业术语 read between lines读懂暗含的意思解决游客过多的措施

There are various solutions to these problems. The first one is to limit tourist

numbers, because fewer visitors will result in less damage. Another solution is to enforce strict rules about which areas people can visit and what they can do when they get there. For example, special paths can be built and people can be forbidden to walk off the paths.

第二篇：雅思阅读同义词替换表

阅读词汇

考查的单词

abundant

accelerate

accessible accordingly

account (for)

accumulate a couple of years adequate

adhere

adjunct

administered

adorn advent

adversely

advocate

aesthetically affront

aid

alert allay

alter

alternative

altogether

ancillary

annihilate

antagonist

antecedent

anticipate

apace with

appealing apply

正确的选项 plentiful increase available for that reason;consequently

explain collect two years sufficient stick addition managed decorate arrival negatively proponent artistically insult help wary reduce change option completely secondary conquer enemy predecessor look forward to as fast as attractive used for

词性 a. v. a. ad. v. v. a. v. n. v. v. n. ad. n. ad. v v. a. v. v. n. ad. a. v. n. n. v.

a. v.

中文含义大量的加速;加大

可用的因此

解释;说明积累;积聚

两年充足的黏附;胶着

附加物管理装饰

出现、到达不利地;有害地倡导者;辩护者审美地;美学地

侮辱轻蔑

帮助机敏的减少

改变;调整替代;替代物

完全地

附属的;辅助的

消灭;征服对手;敌人

先辈

期待;盼望

快速的吸引人的应用;适用

1 考频22

appreciated (-tion)

aptly

arduous

article

ascend 2 assemble

assortment

assumption

attachment 2

attained

attendant

attire 2 attribute

avail

avid

barren

besides 2 bias

bind

boosted 2

bound

break

brief look

bring about

brittle calculate

came to the forefront

carried on

carry

cease

celebratory

celestial chance

recognized(-tion) appropriately difficult object climb gather; bring together

variety belief preference for achieved; reached accompanying clothing credit; characteristics

make use eager infertile in addition to prejudice tie raised limit held departure from

glance cause easily broken determine became important

continued support stop full of praise astronomical unplanned

v.(-n) ad. a. n. v. v. n. n. n. v. n. n. v. v. a. a. prep. n. v. v. n. v. n. n. v. a. v.

v. v. v. n. a. a.

赏识适当地

艰巨的;艰苦的

物品，物体攀升;升高装配;组合品种;种类确信的想法依恋;偏好

达到服务员衣着;盛装

被认为;被鉴定;特征

有用

渴望的;热心的贫瘠的;不毛的

除此之外偏见;嗜好捆;绑;使结合

提高，推进范围;界限;限制

决裂;破裂瞥视;浏览导致;引起

易碎的计算;确定

继续

支撑;支持停止;结束

颂扬

天空的;天上的偶然的;碰巧的

characteristics

chronicle

classify

clear 2 clue

cluster 2

coarse

coin

coincide with 2

collective(-ly)

come of age

comparably compelling

component

compose

comprise

concealed

concentrate conclusive

concomitant with

concrete

concur

configuration 2

confine

confirm

conflicting

conjectural

consequence 2 conserve 3 considerable

consistent consort

qualities describe categorize unobstructed information group rough; crude create happen at the same time

group (together) establish itself similarly forceful parts focus on consist of covered cluster definitive in conjunction with

specific agree arrangement limit; restrict uphold opposing based on guessing

result store; retain large; substantial; much; great

constant associate

n. v. v. a. n. v. a. v. ad. n.(ad) v. ad. a. n. v. v. a. v. a. ad. a. v. n. v. v. a. a. n. v. a. a. v.

性质，特性

记述分类

畅通的;无阻的

线索;信息

成群粗糙的创造;杜撰

同时

集体(共同地) 达到法定年龄; 确立自身地位可比地;相当地

被迫的部分

创作;创造包含;包括隐藏着的集中;积聚

最后的协同

具体的;特定的

同意

结构;形状限制;局限证实;确认冲突的;抵触的猜测的;推测的

结果

保存;保护

很重要的;很大的

持续的结交

conspicuous 2 constituent (-v.)

consumed (-n) 2

contemporary

convergence 2 convert

correspondingly

count

counteract

counterpart crisscross

critical judge of fine arts

crucial

cumbersome

dampen

daring

deft

deliberate

demand

demise

demonstrate

dense depend depict

depress

derive

derived from 2 detectable

detecting

devastated

developing 2 devote to dictate

noticeable component (make up)

eaten (eat) existing; written at that time

gathering change similarly weigh negate version move back and forth

connoisseur important burdensome moisten bold skilled careful require death show thick rely represent; describe

lower obtain based on measurable; apparent

finding ruined evolving dedicate; specializing in

determine

a. n. (v.) v. (n.) a. n. n. v. ad. v. v. n. v. n. a. a. v. a. a. a. v. n. v. a. v. v. v. v. v. a. v. a. a. v. v.

显著的

成分;要素(构成;组成)

吃掉

当代的;现有的;同时代

聚集转换

相应地;对应地有价值;有分量抵消;反作用复本;对应物穿梭;交错往来鉴赏家;评论家

重要的

麻烦的;笨重的

使潮湿

勇敢的;大胆的熟练的;灵巧的审慎的;仔细的

要求;需求

死亡

表明;证实稠密的;浓厚的

依靠描述

压低;使沮丧

得到基于

可察觉的;易发现的

探测

毁坏的;被破坏的发展的;演化的致力于;献身于

指示;决定

diffuse

disaster

discard discrete

dispute

disseminate 2 distinct

distinguish

divergence 3

diverse dividing line

do sth. repeatedly 2 domain

dominate

dramatic 2

drastic (-ly) 2 draw 2

durability (-able)

dwelling

eager 2 easily moved 2

effect (-iciency)

elaborately

elevate

elicit

embraced

emerge 2

emit (-ing)

emphasize

employ 2 enable

enactment encompass

travel catastrophe get rid of separate argument spread/impart separate; different differentiate difference dissimilar; varied; different

boundary iterate field; region be prevalent in

striking radical (severely) attract; instruct endurance (long-lasting)

house enthusiastic portable influence (effectiveness) done in great detail

promote bring out welcomed appear give off (producing)

stress use allow; help performance include

v. 扩散;传播

n. 灾难

v. 丢弃;抛弃 adj. 不连续的 n. 争论;争执 v. 散布;传播 a. 清晰的;不同的

v. 区分;辨别 n. 差异;变化

a. 多种多样的;不一样的

n. 边界;分界线 v. 重复;反复 n. 领域;范围 v. 支配;控制

a. 显著的

a. (ad) 激烈的;猛烈的

v. 吸引;引导

n. (a.) 经久，耐久(持久的;耐用的)

n. 住处;寓所

a. 热心的

a. 轻便的;可携带的

v. (n.) 影响;效果 ad. 详尽地;精心地

v. 提高;提升

v. 引出 v. 欢迎

v. 浮现;出现 v. 发出(生产，发行)

v. 强调

v. 雇佣;应用 v. 使能够;使可能

n. 演出;表演

包含

end endless

engaged

ensure

entire

entity

entomb

era

eradicate

erroneous ideas

erroneously identified as 2

essence (-tial)

establish

estimated

evidence evolution

exalted 2 excavate exceptional

execute

exercise

exert

exorbitant

expendable 2 expose 2 extend 2

extol 2 extract

extraordinary 2

fabricate

faction fashion

goal continuous hired guarantee whole object trap period of time eliminate misconception mistake basic nature; fundamental

create judged indicate development superior dig remarkable create utilize cause expensive unprofitable subject to; uncover stretch;increase

praise remove supreme make; construct

side create

n. a. v. v. a. n. v. n. v. n. v. n. (a.) v. v. n. n. a. v. a. v. 造成;制成;履行;执行v. v. a. a. v. v. v. v. a. v. n. v.

末端;目的

不断的雇佣保证全部的实体;存在埋葬;设陷阱

时期

除去;消除误解;错误观念误以为;误认为基本(基本的) 设立;创作

鉴定

迹象;预示

发展

高贵的;崇高的

挖掘;开凿非同一般的

行使，利用引起;产生

昂贵的没有用的

使暴露;暴露于

延长;扩展

赞美

提取;取得非凡的;极度的

制作;装配

小派系造成，引起

fatal

favor

feed

feel

finding

fine (-ly)

fixture

flamed

flattering

flourished

forage foremost formidable

forward-looking

frame (-work)

freeing

functional

fundamental furnish fuse

gambit

gap

give way to

glowing

good name

graphic gradually

grumbled hard

hard to deal with hardiest

heart hemisphere

deadly prefer put detect scientific discovery tiny; minutely commonplace object

burned complimentary

thrived feed leading difficult progressive pose (structure) releasing usable basic provide combine calculated risk

open turn into shining reputation vivid by degrees complained

firm stubborn most vigorous

center side

a. 致命的 v. 喜爱

v. 供给;供应 v. 察觉;感觉

a. 细小的

n. 固定设备;附属装置

a. 燃烧的

a. 称赞的;奉承的

n. 茂盛

v. 搜索;寻找食物

adj. 最主要的 a. 艰难的

a. 向前看的;有远见的 v. (n.) 构造;提出 (框架结构)

n. 解除，释放

a. 合用的

a. 基础的;基本的

v. 提供

v. 熔合;结合 n. 策略;谋略 n. 缺口;缝隙 v. 让位;变成

a. 光亮的 n. 名声;名誉

a. 生动的 ad. 逐渐地 v. 抱怨

a. 坚硬的;牢固的 a. 执拗的;固执的

a. 最强壮的

n. 中心

半球;半边

7 2

henceforth

herald

hinged on

hinterland

ideal

identical ignite

imitate

immunity

immutable

impediment

imperceptibly

implement

implication

imposing

in place of

in reality

inaccessible

inception

incinerate

incised

inclination

incorporate incriminate induce

influx

ingenuity

inhibit 2 initiate 2

innovation (-tive)

insignificant

instance integral

from that time on

announce depended on region perfect exactly alike set on fire copy protection unchangeable obstacle subtly tool significance demanding instead of actually unreachable beginning burn up carved preference combine blame cause arrival resourcefulness

hinder start; cause new idea (new) unimportant

case essential; fundamental

ad. v. v. n. a. a. v. v. n. a. n. ad. n. n. a. ad. n. a. n. v. a. n. v. vt. n. n. v. v. n. a. n. a.

自此以后预示;预报

依靠

地方;区域

完美的同样的点燃

模仿;伪造

保护不变的妨碍;阻碍

不可觉察地;极缓慢地

工具;器械含义;意义紧迫的;紧急的

代替

实际上;事实上难接近的;难达到的

起初烧毁雕刻的倾向;偏好结合;合并

有罪导致

流入;到达

机灵

阻止;阻碍开始;引发

创新;革新(创新的)

不重要的实例;例证

整体的;不可缺少的

8 2

intense (-sive)

intent

interchangeable

intervals intermittently

intervention

intricate

intriguing

invade

inviting

justify

key

laborious lament

lie

load

locale

lured

magnify 3 maintain

major

make possible

mandate

margin 2

marked

means

merely

meteoric

meticulously

minuscule

minute

modifying momentarily extreme (concentrated)

goal; purpose equivalent periods periodically influence complex attractive; fascinate

move into attractive prove important difficult complain about be located weight place attracted intensify preserve; keep principal allow require edge pronounce; noticeable

method only rapid careflly tiny tiny changing briefly

a. n. a. n. ad n. a. a. v. a. v. a. a. v. v. n. n. v. v. v. a. v. v. n. a. n. ad. a. ad. a. a. v. ad.

强烈的;(加强的，集中的)

目的

相等的;可互换的

周期

间歇的干涉;影响

复杂的迷人的侵入

吸引人的;诱人的

辩护;证实

重要的费力的抱怨位于重担场所

吸引，引诱放大;强化维持;坚持主要的;大型的允许;使可能

要求边;边缘

明显的;显著的

方法

仅仅地，只不过

迅速的小心地

很小的;微小的微小的;细微的

修改;变化

短暂的

monopolize

moreover

motif

mundane

myriad

nascent

nevertheless

norm

noted

noticed

notwithstanding nourish

noxious

obtain

obvious

optimal

ornate oscillate

outbreak

outline outstanding

over great distances

overtaken partitioning

peak

peculiar penetrate

people in the play

periphery permeate persist

personal magnetism pertinent

dominate furthermore; in addition

design ordinary many immature however standard observed announced despite; in spite of

feed harmful get; acquire apparent best elaborate swing beginning summarizing excellent faraway surpassed division maximum strange go through actor outer edge spread through continue charisma relevant

v. ad. n. a. a. a. ad. n. v. v. prep. a. v. a. a. a. v. n. v. a. a. v. n. a. a. v. n. n. v. v. n. a.

独占;占优势

此外

图案;花纹世俗的;普通的许多的;无数的新生的;初生的

然而;仍然

标准注意到宣告，通告

尽管喂养

有害的;有毒的

获得;取得

最佳的华丽的摇摆震荡爆发;开始总结;概括杰出的;显著的

遥远之处赶上，超越

划分

最高的;高峰的

奇特的穿透;透过演员;剧中人物

外围传遍持续个人魅力有关的

明显的;显而易见的

phenomena

pick up

picture

pit place

plunge

ponderous

pore

position postulate

potential

precarious

precise

prefer preoccupation

preside over

presumably

prevailed 2

prevailing

prevent 2

primary (-ly)

prior to

prized

probe

produce 2

prolific

prominent

proponent prospect

prototype

protrude

pry off puncture

event follow imagine hole measure drop heavy hole job suggest possible uncertain accurate favor involvement manage probably dominated most frequent; dominant

avoid fundamental (chiefly)

preceding valued explore butter productive (fruitful) distinguished (famous)

supporter possibility model project locate pierce

n. v. n. n. v. n./v. a. n. n. v a. a. a. v. n. v. ad. v. a. v. a. (ad.) a. a. v. n. a. a. n. n. n. v. v. v.

现象;事件寻找;寻路

图片坑;洼地

投入，陷入

笨重的毛孔;细孔职位;职务

假定

潜在的;可能的

不稳定的精确的偏好;喜欢

专心

负责;统辖

大概

成功，统治盛行的;流行的

制止;阻止

基本的;初步的(主要地)

在先;居前

贵重的探察

产物;产品

多产的

显著的;卓越的

支持者期望;前景原型;范例突出;伸出

查找

刺穿;刺破

pursue

raise

random

rapidity rare

rather (than)

raw

readily

realization

reap

rear

reckless

recorded

recruit

refreshing

regardless of

relate

reliance

remarkable renounce

representative

resemble

resolve

resort to

revered

revise revitalize

robust

roll back 2 rotate

rot

roughly rudimentary

chase rear unpredictable swiftness infrequent instead (of) unprocessed easily awareness accept raise irresponsible documented enlist unusual no matter what

connect dependence significant reject typical be(appear)similar to find a solution for

using respected change bring new life to

strong reduce alternate; turn

decay approximately undeveloped

v. v. a. n. a. ad. adj. ad. n. v. v. a. a. v. a. a. v. n. a. v. a. v. v. v. v. v. v. a. v. v. v. ad. a.

追赶

饲养;养育不可知的

迅速

稀有的;罕见的相反;相反地

未加工的容易地认识;意识收获;接受培养;饲养不负责任的已纪录的征募;补充清新的;清爽的

不管

第三篇：雅思作文题目常见

论文中常出现的题目有哪些

1.与垃圾处理有关

2.与照看老人有关

3.与精神压力有关

4.与用动物做实验有关

5.与各媒体互相比较有关

6.与一次性包装袋有关

7.与政府应该多投资于建设还是多投资于国防有关

8.与政府应该多支持理科学生还是应该多支持其他学科学生有关

9.与城市变大好不好有关

10.与评价一个国家是看经济还是看生活水平有关

11.与孩子看电视和玩电脑有关

12.与机器人有关

13.与政府是否应负责普及电脑有关

14.与多媒体发展后书是否会被淘汰有关

15.与职业运动员是否应该有较高收入有关

16.与政府是否应该限制创新艺术家有关

17.与出国找工作有哪些优缺点有关

18.与出国学习有哪些优缺点有关

19.与学生行为问题有关

20.与体育的竞争性和合作性有关

21.与妇女犯罪率升高有关

22.与年轻人地位高权力大有关

23.与搞好城市规划让市民满意有关

24.与计算机翻译和学外语的关系有关

25.与英语及旅游对当地文化的负面影响有关

26.与资助穷国的钱可能会被滥用有关

27.与21世纪保护野生动物浪费太大有关

28.与该不该杀动物吃肉或做实验有关

29.与汽车的利弊有关

30.与尊守外国风俗习惯有关

31.与怎样才能减少城乡差别有关

32.与高中毕业前应不应该实践一下有关

33.与干长期固定工作好还是经常换工作好有关

34.与建立博物馆的目的有关

35.与学校的理论课和实践课有关

36.与论述阅读报刊比看电视听广播更好有关

37.与论述看电视听广播比阅读报刊更好有关

38.与是否应该完全禁止抽烟有关

39.与什么地方可以抽烟什么地方不能抽烟有关

40.与学校在每门课程上是否应该接收相同数量的男女学生有关

41.与55岁以上高级职称人员让位于年轻人有关

42.与计算机能否代替老师有关

43.与人的性格是先天的还是后天的有关

44.与孩子犯罪和家长的责任有关

45.与博士硕士学位的学生毕业后收入多上学时应该多付一些费用有关

46.与学校的体育课是否应让位于知识课有关

47.与国外旅游是增加相互文化了解还是形成紧张有关

48.与大学教育是否应满足学生毕业后的职业要求有关

49.与保护野生动物的钱是否应花在人类身上有关

50.与国与国间的电视娱乐节目容易交流能否消除国际间的文化差别有关

51.与女性是否可以当兵打仗有关

52.与计算机是否会影响学生的身心健康有关

53.与尖子是否应当单独培养，程度不同的学生要不要分班学习有关

54.与互联网如此发达后，学校教育是否还有必要有关

55.与是否应该在自私贪婪的现代社会里恢复传统价值观有关

第四篇：雅思阅读核心考点词及其同义词替换

100个高频考点词

1-13 accelerate

vt. 使……加快;使……增速vi. 加速;促进;增加 increase the speed of, speed up, brisk up access

vt. 使用;存取;接近n. 进入;使用权;通路 approach, admittance, entry, get at acknowledge

vt. 承认;答谢;报偿;告知已收到 accept, admit, answer, concede, grant, recognize adapt to

使自己适应于… adjust, conform, accommodate, sweep up adjust

vt. 调整，使…适合;校准vi. 调整，校准;适应 adapt, conform, line up, align alter

vt. 改变，更改vi. 改变;修改 change, deviate, diversity, modify, vary analyse

vt. 分析;分解;细察 examine, dissect ancient

adj. 古代的;古老的，过时的;年老的n. 古代人;老人 aged, antique, archaic, elderly, old apply to

适用于 go for, impement, utilise appreciate

vt. 欣赏;感激;领会;鉴别vi. 增值;涨价 acknowledge, revalue, take account, treasure,

price approach

n. 方法;途径;接近vt. 接近;着手处理vi. 靠近 access, adance, draw near, set about artificial

adj. 人造的;仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的 not real, contrived, stilted, fake, imitation,

man-made access

vt. 使用;存取;接近n. 进入;使用权;通路 evaluate, value, appraise, measure 14-26 Convention

n.会议; 全体与会者; 国际公约; 惯例，习俗，规矩

Criteria

n.标准，准则，原则 standards , conditions , indexes curriculumn

N.全部课程，课程

course school

delivery

n. 投递，传送;交付;转让 bringing ;legal transfer ;manner of speaking ,pitch labour , handing

over demanding

adj. (工作)要求高的，需要高技能的;(人)要求极严的，苛求的fastidious , finicking

challenging , indicating depend on

1.依赖，依靠 2.取决于，随…而定

depend upon, devolve on, hinge on, rely on derive

vt. 源于;得自vi. 起源 to originate detect

vt.发现，侦察，察觉 explore , perceive determine

vt. 决定;判决; vi. 确定，终止 condition , conclude;identify , drop , finish , judge disaster

n.不幸，灾难，惨败 tragedy , evil , calamity , grief distinguish

vt. 区分;辨别;使杰出，使表现突出tell apart , differentiate;tell from diversity

n. 多样性;差异 difference , multiplicity domestic

adj. 国内的;家庭的

internal , household , home , family 27-40 due to 由于;因为 because of , as a result of emphasize vt. 强调，着重

stress , highlight

enormous

adj.巨大的;凶暴的，极恶的huge , tremendous , massive , macro ,vast erode vt. 腐蚀，侵蚀vi. 侵蚀;受腐蚀

vt. 腐蚀，侵蚀weather , eat into

vi. 侵蚀;受腐蚀eat into , burn into

exaggerate

vt. 使扩大;使增大vi. 夸大;夸张

vt. 使扩大;使增大enlarge , broaden

vi. 夸大;夸张 put it on , pile it on

exchange

交换

n. [通信][计]交换;交流;交易所;[金融]兑换communication , conversion

vt. [通信][计]交换;交易;[金融]兑换turn , truck

vi. [通信][计]交换;交易;[金融]兑换trade , traffic, swapping and sharing(C7 p66) exclusive

adj. 独有的;排外的;专一的n. 独家新闻;独家经营的项目;排外者

adj. 独有的;排外的;专一的particular , antiforeign

n. 独家新闻;独家经营的项目;排外者scoop

expert

adj. 熟练的;内行的;老练的n. 专家;行家;能手vt. 当专家;在…中当行家

adj. 熟练的;内行的;老练的skilled , accomplished , clever , diplomatic , practiced

n. 专家;行家;能手operator , specialist

extinct

adj. 灭绝的，绝种的;熄灭的vt. 使熄灭out die out fertilise

vt. 使受精;施肥于;使肥沃enrich , top-dress ，chemistry financial

adj. 金融的;财政的，财务的monetary , fiscal 看到金钱的符号要小心

focus on

集中于、关注be centered on , centre around fragile

adj. 脆的;易碎的delicate , crumbly

41-64

fund

n.[金融]基金;资金;存款capital, deposit, saving vt.投资;资助 invent money in, to invest fundamental

adj.基本的，根本的 elementary, basic, essential, organic, primary guarantee

n.[金融]保证;[法]担保;保证人;保证书;[经]抵押品assurance, certification, commitment vt.[金融]保证;[法]担保assure, undertake, swear for identify

vt.确定;[计]识别;使参与;把…看成一样 confirm, recognize, ascertain ignore

vt.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬neglect, pass sb by imitate

vt.模仿，仿效;仿造，仿制 simulate, model after immunity

n.[免疫]免疫力;豁免权;免除phylactic power, immunizing power inevitable

adj.必然的，不可避免的certain, necessary, automatic inherit

vt.继承;遗传而得succeed to, take sth over initial

adj.[数]最初的;字首的 premier, original isolate

[生物]使隔离;使孤立;使绝缘segregate, seclude legitimate

adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的legal, reasonable, valid, logical, rational limitation

n.限制;限度;极限;追诉时效;有效期限restriction, threshold, qualification, terminal loss

n.减少;亏损;失败;遗失 reduction, failure, decrease, losing, reverse magnetic

adj.地磁的;有磁性的;有吸引力的 geomagnetic massive

adj.大量的;巨大的，厚重的;魁伟的huge, extensive, macro, substantial, tremendous,

enormous measure

n.测量;措施;程度;尺寸survey, size vt.测量;估量;权衡 sound, scale, estimate military

adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的martial, soldierly,war,weapon minimize

vt. 使减到最少;小看，极度轻视 vi. 最小化

make small or insignificant modify

t.修改，修饰;更改 alter, dizen

vi.修改alter, touch up 65-77 Option ：n 选择，选项，选择权choice、alternative、selection、preference Original ：n 原型，原著;有独创性的人; adj 创新的，最初的 first、initial、previous、 fundamental、unique、innovative、novel、inventive、primary Perceive ：v 察觉到;看见 apprehend、descry、discern、espy、see Potential : adj 可能的;有潜力的 promising、likely、possible、latent、conceivable Prefer to ：较喜欢，宁愿 favor、desire、would rather Primary ：adj 第一的;最初的;根本的 basic、first、original Principle ：n 原理，主义 rationale、basis、truth、principium Profit : n 盈利;利润;利益 v 有益于，有利于;得益，获利 n advantage、 benefit、interest、favour、profit、gain ; v avail、benefit Property ：n 特性;性能;所有物

attribute、belongings、holding、proprietary Proportion : n 比例;相称;部分 proportionality、scale、part Provision : n 预见;预备;供应;粮食 supplies、stock、catering Quantity ：n 量;数量 sum、amount、measure、quantum Rapid ：n 急流;湍流 adj 快速的;敏捷的;险峻的fast、 quick、 rapid、swift、hasty、prompt、speedy、 instant 78-90 Rather than(而不是)：instead of ; more important; Realise(认识到，明白)：learn, see Rely on (依靠，依赖)：depend on, lean upon,trust,need,on,purchase,by Remain (保持;留下)：stay, stop, keep up

Resemble (类似，像)：like, look like, similar, appear like, match, take after,

Restrict(限制，约束)：slow down, limit,fewer, block,confine, retain, bound, hold back Result from (由…造成，起因于)：root in,owing to, due to, thanks to, base on, as a result,because, Retain(保持)：keep, keep up, hole, reserve, maintain, preserve Secrete(分泌，藏匿，私下侵吞)：secretion---body fluid, excrete,

Separate(分开，隔开，分居)：not attachment, different, disparate, break, divorce,split,come between (单独的，分开的)：alone, independent, divided, isolated Settle(解决，安排;定居)：settle on---not ignore, deposit, work out, figure out, decide, settle down, make home, establish, arrange, Shift(转移，改变)：shift back to---revision, change, move, vary, transform, switch, convert, transition Similar(相似的;类似物)：resemble, similar to---compare, as, like, alike, same, akin

91-100 sophisticated

精密的、复杂的、世故的 complex、complicated、experienced specific

n.特性 quality、identity、character a.特殊的、特定的、详细的 precise、detailed、particular substitute

代替，替换，代用

exchange replace switch change shift Supplement

增补，补充

augment increase complete fortify reinforce Surrounding

环境，周围的事物，周围的，附近的 neighboring close-by Swift

迅速的; 敏捷的; 立刻的; 突然发生的rapid fleet hasty expeditious nimble speedy fast agile Thanks to

多亏了，由于 due to ,because of,because survive

幸存，活下来continue remain与extinct 相反!

trait

特点，特性; 少许 quality, property, feature, characteristic, peculiarity, attribute, character Unexpectedly

未料到地，意外地; 竟; 居然; 骤然 suddenly headlong

Variety

多样; 种类; 杂耍; 变化，多样化 (多样性的同义：disparity diversity)(种类的同义：kind, sort, type, class, classification, category, species)

第五篇：大连朗阁雅思培训—雅思写作词汇观：在开头段如何使用替换词

雅思写作一直是很多考生的困扰，想要提高写作，文章的开篇也很重要，如何写好开头段?下面为大家具体介绍下载开头段如何使用替换词。

本文将结合雅思写作真题，以学生习作当中的典型错误为例，为同学们梳理雅思写作，尤其是开头段写作当中词汇使用的基本原则和禁忌。

问题一：原搬照抄

有些同学不能用自己的词汇去解释题目的观点，简单地复制题干词汇，导致复述不足而扣分。

Writing Topic 1:

Some people suggest that a country should try to produce all the food for its population and import as little food as possible. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

题干理解：

有些人建议国家自力更生养活本国人民，进口食品越少越好。是否同意?

学生习作：

The question of whether a state should attempt to produce all food for the people with as little importing food as possible has been the focus of current topic. Although the development of agriculture should be encouraged and supported, we could not overlook the importance of the import from other countries. I will discuss the topic focusing on the factors related to the finance, polity and the individuals.

评论：

该生在开头段并没有对题干当中的核心词(produce all the food, littleimporting food)进行有效替换，导致重复表达。《剑桥雅思》系列中的考官评语针对这类问题有过多次强调，属于扣分点。其次，本文出现多处不恰当的词汇使用，降低了表达的准确性。如：import的名词含义是“进口商品”，而我们是在讨论“进口”的重要性还是“进口粮食”的重要性?还有focusing可以修饰topic吗?polity(政体)与individuals(个人)可以并列吗?

修改过后：

The question of whether a state should solely rely on its own food industry while allowing as little imported food as possible has been the focus of current discussion. Although the agricultural development should be encouraged and supported, we should not overlook the importance of the international food trade, which is related to a county’s finance, politics and the people.

再评论：

老师保留了原文的基本框架，仅从词汇上做了些调整。注意动词的替换：solely rely on its own food industry(仅仅依靠自己的食品产业)不就是produce all the food的意思吗?agricultural development属于“生产食品”的上位概念，它包含了本国的食品生产，所以可以用作替换词。is related to属于逻辑性很强的动词结构，通过调整为定语从句，使表达更有针对性，强调国际食品贸易(importing food)对于一个国家的重要性。

问题二：望文生义

有些同学仅根据词汇的中文释义找出中文中对应的“近义词”再翻译成英文。这样的词汇替换只能使自己的表达与原文相去甚远。

Writing Topic 2:

In universities and schools, female students are encouraged tolearn some subjects of arts. However, male students areencouraged to study science and technology. Why does thishappen? How will this trend develop in the future?

题干理解：

大中小学都鼓励女生学文，男生学理。为什么这样?未来如何发展?

学生习作：

Recently, the question which subject should be chosen by thestudents in different genders has been frequently brought tospotlight. Some people think girls should to learn social scienceand boys always be good at science and technology. I will discussthe situation focus on the areas between their physical and jobemployment.

评论：

学科的替换词有disciplines, courses, majors等等。而subject指的是某个具体科目，不能泛指学文或者学理。gender只有两个，习惯上写成betweentwo genders。brought to spotlight是不规范的英文表达，尽管广泛用于各种写作模板。be good at表示客观上擅长做某事，而题目中areencouraged to更体现人们的主观观念，鼓励提倡做某事，因此这一替换也是不准确的。between … and表示两者之间，而不是并列的关系。physical属于评分细节中所述的词形错误(errors of word formation), 这里不能单独使用形容词。

修改过后：

The question about the preference of majors, either perceived oractual, between two genders has been in the spotlight. Somepeople think girls should attend courses of arts while boys aresupposed to learn science and technology. I think the situation isrelated to the differences between the male and female in theirphysical traits and social roles.

再评论：

在尊重原文的基础上，老师用preference(偏好)来总结题干当中的争议核心，即男女生学什么科目的问题。通过后置定语either perceived or actual来表示这种所谓的“偏科”可能真实存在，也可能只是人们的臆断。末尾的physical traits(生理特征)，social roles(社会角色)都是同学们讨论两性平等(或不平等)时经常采用的表达。可见，在词汇使用上，高端大气只是一方面;更重要的是做到严谨、恰当、准确。

问题三：似是而非

还有一些同学在学习、使用英文词汇时不注意区分不同词汇在含义上的细微差别，笼统地归为“同义词”进行混用。虽然有些词汇在使用中存在“交集”，但并不意味着在任何场合都可以无条件替换。

Writing Topic 3:

Developments in technology are causing many environmentalproblems. Some people think that people should choose a simplerway of life. Others think that we should use technology to solvethese problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

题干理解：

科技进步造成了环境问题。有人认为应该简单生活(少用科技)，而其他人认为应该用科技来解决环境问题。讨论双方观点，给出自己的意见。

学生习作：

Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerning aboutgrowing environmental issues resulted from the application ofmodern technology. However, whether we should continue toutilize the technology has caused a heated debate. My view isthat to exploit new technology has its weakness but itsimportance should not be denied.

评论：

concern作为动词表示“关心、关注”使用时往往以被动式出现，即beconcerned with/about。issue是一个中性的词，可以是好事也可以是坏事。用在这里不能清晰表达problem的负面含义。有些同学可能会用dilemma来替换problem, 殊不知前者指的是“进退两难的境地”，并不能与environmental搭配。作者用application, utilize等词简单地替换了use(使用)，但是无法突出“过度使用”科技所带来的后果。Weakness的含义过于笼统，并不能清楚交代科技所带来的问题具体是什么。deny表示“矢口否认”，“不承认”的意思。而作者想表达的意思应该是ignore,neglect(忽视，忽略)。由此可见，很多同学对一些“熟词”词义掌握得不够精准，导致南辕北辙。

修改过后：

Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned aboutthe growing threat posed by the abuse of modern technology. Theissue of whether we should continue to rely on technology to easethe situation has been frequently raised in public and scholarlydiscourses. My view is that despite of the harms caused bymodern technology, we should never overlook its importance inexploiting new energies and securing ecosystems around theworld.

再评论：

problem可以替换成threat, danger, damage, 后面加过去分词进行修饰：brought by, caused by, posed by(由……所带来、导致的)。abuse表示“滥用”，这个词增加了表达的严谨性。潜台词是：合理使用科技不会带来这些问题。ease the situation这一指代巧妙地避开了solveenvironmental problem这个重复出现的关键词，使行文更简练。publicand scholarly discourses是比较正式的表达，需要根据题目类型酌情使用。despite of表示让步，体现观点的辩证性。最后提出自己的观点，即全文核心论点时，将讨论范围明确固定在new energies和ecosystem范围内，既使观点更加清晰具体，又为下文主题段展开做好了铺垫。另外注意动词exploit与secure的动宾搭配。

问题四：恣意妄为

Writing Topic 4:

Some think that developing countries should invite large foreigncompanies to open offices and factories to foster their economies.Others think these countries should keep large companies out anddevelop their own ones instead. Discuss both views and give yourown opinion.

题干理解：

有些人认为发展中国家应该引进外国公司来繁荣经济，其他人认为应该排斥外国公司发展自己的企业。讨论双方观点，给出自己的意见。

学生习作：

With the implementation of “opening-up policy”, the questionwhether the countries with economic deficiencies should grantpermissions and licences to foreign macrocephalic enterprises todevelop their economies by establishing manufacturers andoverseas franchises in their territory has been asked by the mass.Although the authorities can be fortified from the foreigncompanies, we cannot overlook the devastating effect of it. Onthe contrary, the dissidents suggest that only by renaissance oftheir national economy without inviting the help from theforeigners can they succeed.

评论：

该同学的词汇量不容小觑，但是这些“华丽”的辞藻却经不起推敲。Implementation与policy的搭配让人如鲠在喉。deficiencies指(营养)缺乏或者先天不足(痴呆儿)而非经济落后。permissions, licences都在表达同样的意思：允许。macrocephalic这词连本土人士也很少使用。manufacturer指生产商而不是工厂，franchise是授权代理而不是分支机构。territory是国家领土(政治称谓)，authorities是政府，这两个都不能替换国家，更不能be fortified(加固防御)。devastating是毁灭性的，到达最严重的程度。dissidents是政治异见人士，而非反对者。renaissance是文艺复兴，浴火重生。invite好朋友可以，但是怎么能“邀请帮助”呢?可见，一段看似“才华横溢”的开头，实则漏洞百出，让人啼笑皆非。对于这些“有词就是任性”的同学，应该鼓励他们回归语言的本质，多一份真诚，少一份浮夸。

通过以上四个例子，我们可以感受到词汇替换对于雅思写作的重要意义。如果没有大量的替换词、替换结构的积累，开头的几句话很可能就成为考生的“坟场”。当你搜肠刮肚、寻章摘句却又欲言又止的时候，别别扭扭地刚把开头段写完的时候，成竹在胸的考生早已洋洋洒洒百十字，坐拥半壁江山了。而接下来故事也毫无悬念了：40分钟过得很快——写得很纠结，而且没写完。所谓功夫花在平时：一点一滴的积累，一丝不苟的态度，才是提高语言水平的唯一途径。对于基础较好，词汇较充足的同学，一定要注意“大词”“难词”的陷阱。越是生僻的词汇，使用的范围也就越有限。如果不能精准把握词义，还不如换一个“低端”但是更“保险”的词汇。准确永远是语言表达的底线。词汇使用的最高境界是用最简单、朴实的词汇表达最贴切的含义：To be or not to be, isthe question。

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