美国总统奥巴马总统2011年感恩节

关键词： 总统 奥巴马

美国总统奥巴马总统2011年感恩节（精选6篇）

篇1：美国总统奥巴马总统2011年感恩节

【英语演讲】美国总统奥巴马2012年感恩节致辞全文（中英）

On behalf of the Obama family – Michelle, Malia, Sasha, Bo and me– I want to wish everyone a very happy Thanksgiving.我代表奥巴马全家——米歇尔，玛利亚，莎莎，小狗波，还有我——祝愿大家感恩节快乐！For us, like so many of you, this is a day full of family and friends;food and football.It’s a day to fight the overwhelming urge to take a nap – at least until after dinner.But most of all, it’s a time to give thanks for each other, and for the incredible bounty we enjoy.对于我们来说，就像你们大家一样，这一天会在家人和朋友中度过，一起吃感恩节食物，看橄榄球比赛。这一天要忙忙碌碌总想找个时间小憩一会，至少晚饭后会有这种想法。但对大多数人来说，这一天都会彼此感恩，感谢我们所得到的一切。

That’s especially important this year.As a nation, we’ve just emerged from a campaign season that was passionate, noisy, and vital to our democracy.But it also required us to make choices – and sometimes those choices led us to focus on what sets us apart instead of what ties us together;on what candidate we support instead of what country we belong to.这一天对于今年来说格外重要。作为一个国家，我们刚刚走出充满激情、嘈杂和我们民主制度中最重要的大选季节，但它需要我们作出选择。而有时候这些选择会过于着重在什么使我们不同，而不是联系起来；在支持我们的候选人，而不是我们的国家。

Thanksgiving is a chance to put it all in perspective – to remember that, despite our differences, we are, and always will be, Americans first and foremost.感恩节是一个让我们全面思考的好机会，要记住，尽管存在分歧，我们永远要把美国人民的利益放在首位。

Today we give thanks for blessings that are all too rare in this world.The ability to spend time with the ones we love;to say what we want;to worship as we please;to know that there are brave men and women defending our freedom around the globe;and to look our children in the eye and tell them that, here in America, no dream is too big if they’re willing to work for it.今天我们感激所获得的恩赐，在当今世界它们还是那么的稀有珍贵：我们可以与深爱的人一起度过美好的时光，我们可以自由表达我们的思想与崇拜，我们有那些无畏的军人在世界各地捍卫我们的自由，我们可以看着我们的孩子告诉他们，在美国这里，只要你愿意为之努力，没有什么梦想是不能实现的。

We’re also grateful that this country has always been home to Americans who see these blessings not simply as gifts to enjoy, but as opportunities to give back.Americans who believe we have a responsibility to look out for those less fortunate – to pull each other up and move forward together.我们感恩，也是因为在这个国家，美国人不会简单地把恩赐当做礼物去享受，还会把它们当做机会去回报。美国人相信我们有责任去关心那些不太幸运的人，彼此拉对方一把，然后一起向前。

Right now, as we prepare to gather around our dinner tables, there are families in the northeast who don’t have that luxury.Many of them have lost everything to Hurricane Sandy – homes, possessions, even loved ones.And it will be a long time before life goes back to normal.此时此刻，当我们准备围坐在餐桌前时，在东北还有许多家庭无法享受这些。他们在飓风桑迪的灾害中失去了一切——家园，财产，甚至深爱的亲人，生活恢复正常还需要很长一段时间。

But in the midst of so much tragedy, there are also glimmers of hope.Over the last few weeks, we’ve seen FEMA personnel, National Guard and first responders working around the clock in hard-hit communities.We’ve seen hospital workers using their lunch breaks to distribute supplies.Families offering up extra bedrooms.The fire department advertising free hot showers.Buses full of volunteers coming from hundreds of miles away.Neighbors sharing whatever they have – food, water, electricity – and saying again and again how lucky they are to have a roof over their heads.但在这些悲剧之中，我们仍会看到希望的曙光。过去几周以来，我们看到了联邦应急管理署的工作人员，国民警卫队的军人，以及第一救援人员们在受灾地区不分昼夜的工作。我们看到了医护人员利用午休时间发放救援物资。众多家庭提供出他们的空余卧室，消防部门提供免费热水淋浴，巴士满载着来自数百英里以外的志愿者来到灾区，大家彼此分享着拥有的一切——食物，水，电——并且一遍遍地说能有屋顶来遮雨是多么的幸运。

It would have been easy for these folks to do nothing – to worry about themselves and leave the rest to someone else.But that’s not who we are.That’s not what we do.这些人如果作壁上观本是很容易的——只要担心自己的问题，把其他的困难留给别人。但那就不是我们了，那也不是我们会做的。

As Americans, we are a bold, generous, big-hearted people.When our brothers and sisters are in need, we roll up our sleeves and get to work – not for the recognition or the reward, but because it’s the right thing to do.Because there but for the grace of God go I.And because here in America, we rise or fall together, as one nation and one people.作为美国人，我们勇敢，慷慨，善良。当我们的兄弟姐妹有需要的时候，我们会挽起袖子就去帮忙，不是为了获得认可或是奖赏，而是因为这是我们认为正确的事情。因为我这么做是为了上帝的恩典。因为在美国，我们同甘苦共患难，作为一个国家，一个民族。That’s something to be grateful for – today and every day.总有些事是值得我们感激的——今天以及每一天。

So to all the Americans doing your part to make our world a better place – it is my privilege to serve as your President.To all our servicemembers – it is my honor to be your Commander in Chief.And from our family to yours, happy Thanksgiving.因此，我要对所有各尽其职共同创造我们美好家园的美国人说，我为能够成为你们的总统而感到无比荣幸；我要对所有的部队军人说，我为能够成为你们的总司令而无比自豪。我代表我们全家祝愿你们感恩节快乐！

篇2：美国总统奥巴马总统2011年感恩节

US President Obama’s Remarks on World AIDS Day 2011 George Washington University Washington, D.C.December 1, 2011

美国总统奥巴马在世界艾滋病日发表的讲话 乔治·华盛顿大学 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区 2011年12月1日

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Well, thank you, Sanjay.It is an honor to be with you today and to follow President Kikwete and President Bush.To Bono and Alicia, to the ONE campaign, thank you for bringing us together.Because of your work, all across Africa there are children who are no longer starving, mothers who are no longer dying of treatable diseases, fathers who are again providing for their families.And because of all of you, so many people are now blessed with hope.大家好！谢谢你，桑杰。今天能来到这里和各位聚会，并且在基奎特总统和布什总统之后发表讲话，我感到很荣幸。波诺、艾丽西亚以及“统一行动”，感谢你们促使我们携起手来。在你们的努力下，非洲各地的一些儿童已不再挨饿；母亲们不再被可治愈的疾病夺去生命；父亲们能够重新养家糊口。由于你们大家的努力，现在有许多人看到了希望。

We’ve got members of Congress who have done so much for this cause who are here today, and we want to thank them.Let me also thank President Bush for joining us from Tanzania and for his bold leadership on this issue.I believe that history will record the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief as one of his greatest legacies.And that program — more ambitious than even the leading advocates thought was possible at the time — has saved thousands and thousands and thousands of lives, and spurred international action, and laid the foundation for a comprehensive global plan that will impact the lives of millions.And we are proud that we have the opportunity to carry that work forward.今天在座的有为这项事业作出重大贡献的国会议员们，谢谢你们。我们还要感谢布什总统从坦桑尼亚参加我们的活动，并感谢他在这方面发挥的大胆的领导作用。我认为，历史将把“总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划”作为他的一项丰功伟绩载入史册。这项雄心勃勃的计划——就连主要的艾滋活动人士在当时都没有想到会有这种规模——拯救了数十万人的生命，激发了国际行动，并为将改变数百万人的生活的一项综合性全球计划奠定了基础。我们为有机会继续推动这项努力而感到自豪。

Today is a remarkable day.Today, we come together as a global community, across continents, across faiths and cultures, to renew our commitment to ending the AIDS pandemic once and for all.今天是一个不同寻常的日子。今天，我们聚集在一起，作为一个全球性社区，来自各个大洲，不分信仰和文化，重申我们一劳永逸地终结艾滋病的承诺。

Now, if you go back and you look at the themes of past World AIDS Days, if you read them one after another, you’ll see the story of how the human race has confronted one of the most devastating pandemics in our history.You’ll see that in those early years — when we started losing good men and women to a disease that no one truly understood — it was about ringing the alarm, calling for global action, proving that this deadly disease was not isolated to one area or one group of people.如果你们回顾一下以往世界艾滋病日的主题，如果你们一个接一个地看下来，就会看到人类抗击有史以来最致命的一种传染病的历程。你们会看到最初几年——当这种尚无人完全了解的疾病开始夺去我们善良的男女同胞的生命时——的努力主要是要敲响警钟；呼吁国际社会采取行动；证明这种致命的疾病并不局限于某个地区或某个群体。

And that’s part of what makes today so remarkable, because back in those early years, few could have imagined this day — that we would be looking ahead to “The Beginning of the End,” marking a World AIDS Day that has gone from that early beginning when people were still uncertain to now a theme, “Getting to Zero.” Few could have imagined that we’d be talking about the real possibility of an AIDS-free generation.But that’s what we’re talking about.That’s why we’re here.And we arrived here because of all of you and your unwavering belief that we can — and we will — beat this disease.这就是今天这个日子不同寻常的原因之一；因为在最初的那几年，几乎没有人能想见这一天；想见我们能够展望‘根除艾滋的开始’，以‘向零艾滋迈进’为主题纪念世界艾滋病日。几乎没有人能想见我们会谈论无艾滋一代的切实可能性。但我们做到了。我们能走到今天正是因为你们所有的人以及你们毫不动摇的信念：我们能够——而且将会——战胜这种疾病。

Because we invested in anti-retroviral treatment, people who would have died, some of whom are here today, are living full and vibrant lives.Because we developed new tools, more and more mothers are giving birth to children free from this disease.And because of a persistent focus on awareness, the global rate of new infections and deaths is declining.由于我们投资开发抗逆转录疗法，原来可能死于艾滋病的人——其中一些人今天在座——正过着正常的、充满活力的生活。由于我们研发出新的治疗方法，越来越多的产妇生下了没有艾滋病的婴儿。而且，由于我们始终重视提高公众意识的工作，全球的新发感染率和死亡率都在下降。

So make no mistake, we are going to win this fight.But the fight is not over — not by a long shot.The rate of new infections may be going down elsewhere, but it’s not going down here in America.The infection rate here has been holding steady for over a decade.There are communities in this country being devastated, still, by this disease.因此，毫无疑问，我们正在这场斗争中赢得胜利，但这场斗争并没有结束，远远没有结束。新发感染率可能正在其他地方下降，但在美国没有下降。这里的感染率十多年来一直未变。我国有些社区仍在饱受艾滋病的蹂躏。

When new infections among young black gay men increase by nearly 50 percent in 3 years, we need to do more to show them that their lives matter.When Latinos are dying sooner than other groups, and when black women feel forgotten, even though they account for most of the new cases among women, then we’ve got to do more.面对年轻的黑人同性恋者的新感染人数在三年内上升将近50%，我们必须加大努力向他们显示，他们的生命有价值。面对拉美裔比其他群体更早地死亡，面对黑人妇女感到她们已被遗忘——而她们在女性新患者中占多数，我们必须付出更大的努力。

So this fight is not over.Not for the 1.2 million Americans who are living with HIV right now.Not for the Americans who are infected every day.This fight is not over for them, it’s not over for their families, and as a consequence, it can’t be over for anybody in this room — and it certainly isn’t over for your President.这场斗争尚未结束。对120万携带艾滋病毒的美国人来说还没有。对那些每天正在受到感染的美国人来说还没有。这场斗争对他们来说尚未结束。对他们的家人来说尚未结束。因此，对这里在座的每个人来说不能结束——对你们的总统来说绝对没有结束。

Since I took office, we’ve had a robust national dialogue on HIV/AIDS.Members of my administration have fanned out across the country to meet people living with HIV;to meet researchers, faith leaders, medical providers and private sector partners.We’ve spoken to over 4,000 people.And out of all those conversations, we drafted a new plan to combat this disease.Last year, we released that plan — a first-ever national HIV/AIDS strategy.自我就任以来，我们对艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题大力开展全国对话。本届政府成员走向全国各地，与罹染艾滋病毒的人会面，与研究人员、宗教领袖，医务工作者和私营企业的合作伙伴会面。我们向4000多名同胞征求了意见。基于所有这些谈话，我们起草了一份新的战胜艾滋病计划。去年，我们公布了这一计划——这是有史以来第一个全国性的艾滋病毒/艾滋病战略。

We went back to basics: prevention, treatment and focusing our efforts where the need is greatest.And we laid out a vision where every American, regardless of age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity or socioeconomic status, can get access to life-extending care.我们回归于基本要素——预防、治疗，并把我们的努力集中在最需要的地方。我们提出了一个愿景，即每一个美国人，不分年龄、性别、种族、民族、性取向、性别身份或社会经济地位，都能获得延长生命的护理。

And I want to be clear about something else: Since taking office, we’ve increased overall funding to combat HIV/AIDS to record levels.With bipartisan support, we reauthorized the Ryan White Care Act.And as I signed that bill, I was so proud to also announce that my administration was ending the ban that prohibited people with HIV from entering America.(Applause.)Because of that step, next year, for the first time in two decades, we will host the international AIDS conference.(Applause.)

我还要明确另外一点——自就任以来，我们已经把防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病的总体资金增加到创纪录水平。在两党的支持下，我们重新批准了《瑞安·怀特保健法》。而且，当签署该法案时，我非常自豪地同时宣布，本届政府将结束不许艾滋病毒携带者进入美国的禁令。（掌声）由于迈出了这一步，我们将在明年，即20年来第一次，举办国际艾滋病大会。（掌声）

So we’ve done a lot over the past three years, but we can do so much more.Today, I’m announcing some new commitments.We’re committing an additional $15 million for the Ryan White Program that supports care provided by HIV medical clinics across the country.We want to keep those doors open so they can keep saving lives.We’re committing an additional $35 million for state AIDS-drug assistance programs.因此，过去三年我们的成就很大。但是，我们可以做得事情更多。今天，我要宣布一些新承诺。我们承诺为瑞安·怀特项目增加拨款1500万美元，支持全国各地艾滋病毒诊所提供的服务。我们要确保它们继续运营，挽救生命。我们承诺为各州艾滋病药物扶助计划再拨款3500万美元。

The federal government can’t do this alone, so I’m also calling on state governments, and pharmaceutical companies, and private foundations to do their part to help Americans get access to all the life-saving treatments.但是，联邦政府无法独自做到这一切。因此我也呼吁州政府、制药公司和私人基金会尽各自的责任，帮助提供拯救美国人生命的一切治疗手段。

This is a global fight, and it’s one that America must continue to lead.Looking back at the history of HIV/AIDS, you’ll see that no other country has done more than this country, and that’s testament to our leadership as a country.But we can’t be complacent.这是一场全球性斗争，也是美国必须继续发挥领导作用的一场斗争。回顾艾滋病毒/艾滋病的历史，你们会看到没有一个国家的贡献超过这个国家，这证实了作为一个国家我们所具有的领导力。但是，我们不能沾沾自喜。

I think this is an area where we can also look back and take pride that both Republicans and Democrats in Congress have consistently come together to fund this fight — not just here, but around the world.And that’s a testament to the values that we share as Americans;a commitment that extends across party lines, that’s demonstrated by the fact that President Bush, President Clinton and I are joining you all today.我认为，这是一个我们在回首往事时能够感到自豪的领域，在为这场斗争提供资金方面——不仅在国内，而且在全球——国会中的共和党人和民主党人一向齐心协力。这见证了我们美国人的共同价值观；一种超越党派界限的承诺，今天布什总统、克林顿总统和我一起来到这里参加活动便体现了这一点。

Since I took office, we’ve increased support for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.We’ve launched a Global Health Initiative that has improved access to health care, helping bring down the cost of vaccines, and over the next five years, will help save the lives of 4 million more children.And all along, we kept focusing on expanding our impact.自从我上任以来，我们加强了对防治艾滋病、结核病和疟疾全球基金的支持。我们启动了全球健康行动计划，使更多人获得就医条件，帮助降低了疫苗价格，并将在今后五年内协助挽救400万儿童的生命。与此同时，我们始终注重扩大成果。

Today, I’m proud to announce that as of September, the United States now supports anti-retroviral treatment for nearly 4 million people worldwide.(Applause.)Four million people.And in just the past year, we’ve provided 600,000 HIV-positive mothers with access to drugs so that 200,000 babies could be born HIV-free.(Applause.)And nearly 13 million people have received care and treatment, including more than 4 million children.So we’ve got some stuff to be proud of.今天，我自豪地宣布，截至9月份，美国正在帮助为世界上将近400万人提供抗逆转录病毒治疗。（掌声）仅去年一年，我们就为60万携带艾滋病毒的母亲提供了获得医药的机会，从而使20万新生儿可以免受病毒感染。（掌声）另外，还有将近1300万人得到了护理和治疗，其中包括400多万儿童。所以，我们取得的成绩是值得骄傲的。

But we’ve got to do more.We’re achieving these results not by acting alone, but by partnering with developing countries like Tanzania, and with leaders like President Kikwete.但是，我们还有更多工作要做。我们并非独自取得了这些成就，而是借助于同坦桑尼亚等发展中国家和像基奎特总统这样的领导人的合作。

Now, as we go forward, we’ve got to keep refining our strategy so that we’re saving as many lives as possible.We need to listen when the scientific community focuses on prevention.That’s why, as a matter of policy, we’re now investing in what works — from medical procedures to promoting healthy behavior.在今后的前进道路上，我们需要不断调整战略，以便挽救尽可能多的人的生命。我们需要听取科学界的意见，重视预防。正因为如此，我们的方针是，投资于从医疗干预到提倡健康行为的各种有效措施。

And that’s why we’re setting a goal of providing anti-retroviral drugs to more than 1.5 million HIV-positive pregnant women over the next two years so that they have the chance to give birth to HIV-free babies.正因为如此，我们定下目标，在今后两年内为超过150万名携带艾滋病毒的孕妇提供抗逆转录病毒药物，使她们的婴儿免受病毒感染。

We’re not going to stop there.We know that treatment is also prevention.And today, we’re setting a new target of helping 6 million people get treatment by the end of 2013.(Applause.)That’s 2 million more people than our original goal.但是，我们并不就此止步。我们懂得，治疗就是预防。今天，我们定下一个新目标，到2013年年底，帮助600万人得到治疗。（掌声）这比我们的原定目标多200万人。

And on this World AIDS Day, here’s my message to everybody who is out there:

因此，在这个世界艾滋病日，我向所有人的发出以下呼吁：

To the global community — we ask you to join us.Countries that have committed to the Global Fund need to give the money that they promised.(Applause.)Countries that haven’t made a pledge, they need to do so.(Applause.)That includes countries that in the past might have been recipients, but now are in a position to step up as major donors.China and other major economies are in a position now to transition in a way that can help more people.对国际社会，我们要说：请加入我们的行列。承诺支持“全球基金”的国家需要提供它们许诺的资金，（掌声）尚未作出承诺的国家需要作出承诺，（掌声）这包括过去可能是受援国而现在有能力成为重要捐助国的国家。中国和其他一些主要经济体现在有能力完成过渡，使更多人获得帮助。

To Congress — keep working together and keep the commitments you’ve made intact.At a time when so much in Washington divides us, the fight against this disease has united us across parties and across presidents.And it shows that we can do big things when Republicans and Democrats put their common humanity before politics.So we need to carry that spirit forward.对美国国会，我们要说：请继续相互协作，信守你们作出的所有承诺。当前，华盛顿面临许多使我们产生分歧的问题，但与这一疾病的斗争把不同党派、不同总统领导的政府团结起来。事实证明，只要共和党和民主党把人类的共同利益置于政治争议之上，我们就能成就伟大的事业。让我们继续发扬这种精神。

And to all Americans — we’ve got to keep fighting.Fight for every person who needs our help today, but also fight for every person who didn’t live to see this moment;for the Rock Hudsons and the Arthur Ashes, and every person who woke us up to the reality of HIV/AIDS.We’ve got to fight for Ryan White and his mother Jeanne, and the Ray brothers, and every person who forced us to confront our destructive prejudices and our misguided fears.Fight for Magic Johnson and Mary Fisher, and every man, woman and child, who, when told they were going to die from this disease, they said, “No, we’re not.We’re going to live.”

对全体美国人民，我们要说：坚持努力，不仅为今天需要我们帮助的每一个人努力，而且为了没有能够活下来看到今天的每一个人努力——为了洛克·赫德森、阿瑟·阿什以及唤醒我们面对艾滋病这一现实的每一个人。也为了瑞恩·怀特、他的妈妈珍妮、雷氏兄弟以及迫使我们正视我们具有毁灭性的偏见和毫无道理的恐惧的每一个人。还为了魔术师约翰逊、玛丽·费歇尔以及在被告知感染了不治之症时拒绝向死神低头的每一个男人、女人和儿童。

Keep fighting for all of them because we can end this pandemic.We can beat this disease.We can win this fight.We just have to keep at it, steady, persistent — today, tomorrow, every day until we get to zero.And as long as I have the honor of being your President, that’s what this administration is going to keep doing.That’s my pledge.That’s my commitment to all of you.And that’s got to be our promise to each other — because we’ve come so far and we’ve saved so many lives, we might as well finish the fight.让我们为所有这些人继续努力，因为我们能够终结这种流行病。我们能够战胜这种疾病。我们能够赢得这场斗争。我们必须继续努力，坚持不懈——今天、明天、每一天，直至把这种疾病铲除。只要我有幸担任你们的总统，本届政府就会一直努力。这是我的保证，也是我对你们大家的承诺。这也应当是我们彼此之间的许诺。我们已经取得了长足的进展，我们已经拯救了许多生命，那么就让我们把这场斗争进行到底。

Thank you for all you’ve done.God bless you.God bless America.Thank you.(Applause.)

感谢你们所做的一切。愿主保佑你们。愿主保佑美国。谢谢大家。（掌声）

篇3：美国总统奥巴马总统2011年感恩节

语言具有表达说话人内心活动的功能, 可用来表明说话人的状态、目的和态度。事实上, 这就是语言的人际元功能。评价理论是基于系统功能语言学的一个新的分支, 旨在探究、描述如何运用语言评价、解释和编排原文中的人际关系和人际地位。

政治演说在政治舞台上扮演着重要的角色。政治家通过政治演说表露他们的政治观点。对于总统候选人来讲, 演说是说服民众接受他们想要实现的政治报复的主要手段。因此, 总统竞选演讲是评价资源非常丰富的语料。

二、评价理论

Martin创建的评价系统将表达说话者观点、态度、立场的语言资源称之为评价系统 (appraisal system) 。[2]该理论是在系统功能语言学理论框架之下对人际意义方面的发展。评价系统包含三个子系统, 分别为态度、介入和级差。

三、奥巴马大选获胜演讲的评价分析

(一) 态度系统

1.情感

Martin把态度子系统分为情感、评判和鉴赏。态度系统的核心即为情感。情感就是说话者用言语来表达对外界事物、人和现象所表露的情感反应。[3]

竞选演讲是一个典型的人际活动。撰写竞选演讲词时, 不仅要考虑到传递竞选者的政治意图和原则, 还要赢得尽可能多的民众的支持。竞选演讲的有效程度主要取决于情感的感染力。

以下是体现情感资源的具体例子:

(1) It’ll require common effort, shared responsibility.

(2) Our problems can be solved.Our challenges can be met.The path we offer may be harder, but it leads to a better place, and I’m asking you to choose that future.

在奥巴马的演讲中, 多次表达了他的积极与乐观。表达了愿与美国民众同心应对各种困难。common effort, shared responsibility, rally around等词汇的使用, 拉近了他与美国民众之间的距离, 同时也说明了奥巴马在已认清美国当前所面临的困难的情况下, 愿与美国民众一起攻克难关, 期待美好的未来。[5]

2.评判

评判系统是根据一系列的规范及伦理道德标准对于人类个体或群体的行为、言语、信仰和动机的批评与赞扬的评判。[6]

(3) That’s what we can do in the next four years, and that is why I am running for a second term as President of the United States.

在上面两句中的can均为社会尊严、社会能力的积极评判。can指的就是能力。

(4) You didn’t elect me to tell you what you wanted to hear.You elected me to tell you the truth.

在演讲中, 演讲者对于自己的评价均为积极评价, 从而树立良好形象, 而对于竞争对手的评价则为消极评价, 从而指出对方的缺点及对其行为的批评。[9]上面两个例句, 演讲者给观众传递的信息是自己对自己的国家是负责任的, 认真的, 真诚的, 对于美国民众是不会有任何要隐瞒的, 同时, 他也强调了自己的对手共和党无能。

3.鉴赏

鉴赏是评价者对现象、事件和人所做出的评价。在奥巴马这篇竞选演讲中, 鉴赏的对象主要是美国政府当前的状况和人民。

鉴赏的实例分析:

(5) Now, our friends down in Tampa at the Republican convention were more than happy to talk about everything they think is wrong with America.[1]

在该例句中, 奥巴马通过对自己的竞争对手的行为进行消极评价, 对竞争对手的弱点和错误的行为进行批评, 从而提升自己的形象。如该例句中的wrong, 指出共和党只是很乐于讨论美国现在的问题, 而并非提出如何改正这些问题。从而说明, 如若自己能够继续当选, 自己将勇敢地面对现在的问题并解决问题。同时也表明了奥巴马对美国人民和美国未来的信心, 坚信在美国民众的支持下自己一定能解决当前所面临的危机。他向美国民众表达了他对美国将来的信心并许下诺言, 从而赢得民心。

(二) 级差系统

级差系统包含两个子系统, 分别是语势和聚焦。级差现象体现在整个语篇中, 用来修饰和具体化人际意义、态度系统。在奥巴马这篇竞选演讲中, 丰富的强势资源最终加大了奥巴马观点的力度, 并且提高了话语的说服力。

(7) 第五段, Eight years later, that hope has been tested———by the cost of war, by one of the worst economic crises in history, and by political gridlock that’s left us wondering whether it’s still even possible to tackle the challenges of our time.[1]

通过三组by和名词短语构成的介宾结构, 列举出了在过去的八年里, 我们共同面对挑战, 由战争带来的代价, 有史以来最严重的经济危机和政治僵局。奥巴马回顾过去, 唤起自己与民众共同的记忆, 达到共鸣, 并且表明, 面对以上挑战, 离不开美国民众的支持。再次, 还是表达了自己对于民众的感谢, 并且希望继续得到他们的支持, 继续共同面对其他挑战。

该演讲词中, 语势资源占到了语法层面的分级资源的很大分量, 主要是为了加深演说者情感、态度、立场的表达。重复的使用增强了语势, 使演讲者饱含强烈的情感, 唤起广大民众共鸣。从中我们能看出新晋总统改革的决心和为民造福的信念。

四、结语

通过从态度和级差两方面对2012年9月6日奥巴马在北卡罗来纳州夏洛特市为自己第二轮任期的竞选所做的演讲词的分析, 可以看出奥巴马在这篇演说中大量使用了态度资源。凭借情感, 激起观众的情感共鸣;运用评判, 评价社会是非;使用鉴赏, 将自己的观点、态度巧妙地传递给广大民众。[11]此外, 对级差的使用更进一步地丰富了态度子系统并且加强了情感力度的传达。准确而恰当地使用评价手段使得奥巴马所持的态度和政治立场、所表达的情感被美国广大民众所接受并成功塑造了美国人民所期望的形象, 最终为成功竞选起到了推动作用。

参考文献

[1]http://wenku.baidu.com/view/64b632f9910ef12d2af9e739.html.

[2]Martin, J.R.&White, P.R.R.The Language of Evaluation:Appraisal in English[M].New York:Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

[3]White, P.R.R.Appraisal:An Overview〈EB/OL〉.The Appraisal Website.httP://www.Grammaties.eolnjaPPraisal/APPraisalGuide/Framed/Frame.htm, 2009-02-24.

[4]刘斌.解读奥巴马就职演说的文体特征[J].文教资料, 2009 (6) :48-50.

篇4：致美国总统奥巴马

印烙了崭新的星条旗

一个黑人的孩子

冲越美利坚种族歧视的高墙

以年轻的47岁生命

开创了美国第一个黑人总统的历史

2岁的奥巴马生父车祸死去

随后在母亲的奔波中

在印尼夏威夷之间颠沛流离

尽管生活磨难居住简陋

仍然以意志顶住风雨

于普纳后私立学校夺得优秀

尽管继父不是非洲的“王子”

但是老奥巴马为政府工作跑遍全球

站立起肯尼亚清瘦黑人的意志

呵你的血统

有着三任总统血亲的传遗

你无愧地说——“我

感激所有赋予我生命的人

我的故事

兴许也发生在全球的各个地方”

并以《源自父亲的梦想》处女作

树起了为之政治生涯奋进的一面旗帜

为生活而战为命运而战

勇敢地从酒精、大麻的麻醉里

磨利记忆与思维的锋利

你呵普通的“街头混混”

考上了哥伦比亚大学国际系

接着又到哈佛大学学习法律

于人们不以为然的眼神里

闪烁《哈佛法律评论》月刊首位黑人社长的第一

从美国最高法院法官、秘书、州参议员

进而赢得美国国会参议员

以“穷人的代理人”的名义

关切社会最底层生存的利益

填写美国历史第５位黑人参议员的

资历

不愧为华盛顿清廉形象的战士

博得民意资本而绽放众多百姓的笑容

使金钱与权力之交易

描绘了北美洲的美国之梦

熔铸你爱国的热情及牺牲的无极

超越种族和肤色阻拦的境地

点燃起黑种人大无畏的期冀

亮丽世界和平与发展的主题

亲和“中国策”实践的魅力

整改布什２０多项治国措施

为了一个神圣的目标让相隔

第三世界紧牵太平洋彼岸握手的友谊

激情似潮水冲击着陈旧观念

刷新失血岁月的星光

照耀你我共赢互利文明和谐的画面

奥巴马是你用真诚用人性

嵌镶《黑檀》金边显赫的封皮

平凡而执着的美丽

谱写了美国的骄傲黑人的骄傲

你指挥拥有2亿多人民前进的历史

以推动生活的方式

拉近科技发展的经济

用政治家的智慧人民的情感

打造一个个繁荣昌盛的日子

日月铸造的品格

大海熔炼的胸襟

是你叱咤风云的千钧

五大洲的掌声和鲜花

是你真爱编织的春光

洒满你拼搏图腾的足迹

生动世界和平大使的光焰

奥巴马——万岁

篇5：美国总统奥巴马总统2011年感恩节

I’m talking with you from Miami, Florida, where I’m visiting Miami Central High School, a school that’s turning itself around on behalf of its kids.And I came here with Jeb Bush, former governor of this state, because he and I share the view that education isn’t a partisan issue – it’s an American issue.But in a larger sense, this is a moment when we’ve all got to do what the students and teachers are doing here.We’ve got to step up our game.Our top priority right now has to be creating new jobs and opportunities in a fiercely competitive world.And this week, we received very good news on that front.We learned that the unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest level in nearly two years as our economy added another 222,000 private sector jobs last month.Now, we have a lot more work to do, not just for the Americans who still don’t have a job, but for the millions more who still don’t have the right job or all the work they need to live out the American Dream.But the progress we’re seeing says something about the determination and ingenuity of our people and our businesses.What’s also helping to fuel this economic growth are the tax cuts that Democrats and Republicans came together to pass in December and I signed into law – tax cuts that are already making Americans’ paychecks bigger and allowing businesses to write off their investments, freeing up more money for job creation.Just as both parties cooperated on tax relief that is now fueling job growth, we need to come together around a budget that cuts spending without slowing our economic momentum.We need a government that lives within its means without sacrificing job-creating investments in education, innovation, and infrastructure.The budget I sent to Congress makes these investments, but it also includes a 5-year spending freeze, and it will reduce our deficits by $1 trillion over the next decade.In fact, the cuts I’ve proposed would bring annual domestic spending to its lowest share of the economy under any president in more than 50 years.Over the last few weeks, Members of Congress have been debating their own proposals.And I was pleased that Democrats and Republicans in Congress came together a few days ago and passed a plan to cut spending and keep the government running for two more weeks.But,we can’t do business two weeks at a time.It’s not responsible, and

it threatens the progress our economy has been making.We’ve got to keep that momentum going.We need to come together, Democrats and Republicans, around a long-term budget that sacrifices wasteful spending without sacrificing the job-creating investments in our future.My administration has already put forward specific cuts that meet congressional Republicans halfway.And I’m prepared to do more.But we’ll only finish the job together – by sitting at the same table, working out our differences, and finding common ground.That’s why I’ve asked Vice President Biden and members of my Administration to meet with leaders of Congress going forward.Getting our fiscal house in order can’t just be something we use as cover to do away with things we dislike politically.And it can’t just be about how much we cut.It’s got to be about how we cut and how we invest.We’ve got to be smart about it.Because if we cut back on the kids I’ve met here and their education, for example, we’d be risking the future of an entire generation of Americans.And there’s nothing responsible about that.We’ve got to come together to put America back on a fiscally sustainable course – and make sure that when it comes to the economy of the 21st century, our children and our country are better-prepared than anyone else in the world to take it on.Our future depends on it.That’s not a Democratic or a Republican challenge – that’s an American challenge.And I’m confident it’s one we’ll meet.Thanks for listening.

篇6：美国总统奥巴马总统2011年感恩节

The White House Saturday, October 8, 2011 Next week, the Senate will vote on the American Jobs Act.It’s a bill that will put more people to work and put more money in the pockets of working Americans.And it will provide our economy with the jolt that it really needs right now

下周，参议院将就美国就业法案举行投票。这是个让更多人有工作和劳动的美国人口袋更鼓的法案。它将给我们的经济一剂强心剂，现在我们的经济正需要它。

This is not the time for the usual games or political gridlock in Washington.The challenges facing financial markets around the world could have very real effects on our own economy at a time when it’s already fragile.But this jobs bill can help guard against another downturn here in America.现在不是在华盛顿过家家和政治僵持的时候。全球金融市场面对的挑战会对我国的经济产生现实影响，而我们的经济已经很脆弱了。

This isn’t just my belief.This is what independent economists have said.Not just politicians.Not just people in my administration.Independent experts who do this for a living have said that this jobs bill will have a significant effect for our economy and middle-class families all across America.But if we don’t act, the opposite will be true – there will be fewer jobs and weaker growth.我就简单说这些。这是独立经济学家说过的。不只是政治家说过。不只是我的同僚们说过。以此谋生的独立专家们说过这个法案将对我们的经济和全国的中产阶级家庭产生重大影响。但是如果我们什么也不做，结果就会恰恰相反，就业机会会更少，增长会更疲软。

So any Senator out there who’s thinking about voting against this jobs bill needs to explain why they would oppose something that we know would improve our economic situation.If the Republicans in Congress think they have a better plan for creating jobs right now, they should prove it.Because one of the same independent economists who looked at our plan just said that their ideas, quote, wouldn’t “mean much for the economy in the near term.”

所以任何正在外面考虑投票反对这个就业议案的参议员们需要解释为什么他们总是反对我们认为会改善我们经济状况的东西。如果国会中的共和党议员认为他们现在有更好的增加就业机会的计划，那么应该证明它。因为上述独立经济学家中的一员看了我们的计划后只说了一句话，他们的主意，引用，“对近期经济没有什么意义”。

If their plan doesn’t measure up, the American people deserve to know what it is that Republicans in Congress don’t like about this jobs plan.You hear a lot of our Republican friends say that one of the most important things we can do is cut taxes.Well, they should love this plan.The American Jobs Act would cut taxes for virtually every worker and small business in America.And if you’re a small business owner that hires new workers, raises wages, or hires a veteran, you get an additional tax cut.如果他们的计划不合人民的要求，人民理应知道为什么国会中的共和党议员反对这个就业计划。你们满耳充斥着共和党朋友们说我们能做的事情之一是减税。好，那他们应该欢迎这个计划。美国就业法案几乎减少了在美国的所有工人和小企业的税务。如果你是个小企业主，雇佣了新员工、增加了工资或雇佣了退伍军人，你会得到更多税务减免。

Right now, hundreds of thousands of teachers and firefighters and police officers have been laid off because of state budget cuts.This jobs bill will put a lot of these men and women back to work.Right now, there are millions of laid-off construction workers who could be repairing our bridges and roads and modernizing our schools.Why wouldn’t we want to put these men and women to work rebuilding America? 迄今，成千成万的教师、消防员和警察因为政府预算削减而下岗了。这个就业议案将让他们中的很多人重返工作岗位。迄今，几百万本应该维修我们的桥梁、道路和学校的建筑工人下岗了。我们为什么不让他们重新工作重建美国？

The proposals in this bill are steps we have to take if we want to build an economy that lasts;if we want to be able to compete with other countries for jobs that restore a sense of security for the middle-class.But we also have to rein in our deficit and start living within our means, which is why this jobs bill is paid for by asking millionaires and billionaires to pay their fair share.这个法案中的建议是如果我们想建设一个可持续的经济；如果我们想和其它国家进行回复中产阶级安全感的就业竞争所必走的步骤。但是我们还必须控制赤字，开始过量入而出的日子，这就是为什么要以要求百万富翁和千万富翁支付合理的税务为代价的原因。

Some see this as class warfare.I see it as a simple choice.We can either keep taxes exactly as they are for millionaires and billionaires, or we can ask them to pay at least the same rate as a plumber or a bus driver.And in the process, we can put teachers and construction workers and veterans back on the job.We can either fight to protect their tax cuts, or we can cut taxes for virtually every worker and small business in America.But we can’t afford to do both.It’s that simple.有人认为这如同阶级斗争。我认为它是个简单的选择。我们可以向百万富翁和千万富翁征收与他们财产相符的税务，也可以让他们缴至少和管道工和公交司机相同税率的税务。在此过程中，我们可以让教师、建筑工人和退伍军人回到工作岗位。我们或可以力争减免富人们的税务，或可以减免在美国的几乎每个工人和小企业的税务。但我们无法两全其美。就这么简单。