重点语法知识讲解

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重点语法知识讲解(精选8篇)

篇1:重点语法知识讲解

形容词和副词的原级

(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是:

主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词+ (very/too/so/quite/rather…) +形容词/副词原级 +…。

1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as.

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。

as +形容词+ a +单数名词

as + many/much +名词

This is as good an example as the other is.

I can carry as much paper as you can.。

3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。

This room is twice as big as that one.

Your room is the same size as mine.

4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ then + of

This bridge is three times as long as that one.

This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine.

Your room is twice the size of mine.

如:He is very oldnow.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks ratherbad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)

☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型:

主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +…。

如:He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did)。(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)

☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:

主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+…。

如:He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did)。 (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)

(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型:

主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+…。

如:A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)

讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是:

主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than +第二个人物(‘B’) +…。

如:I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗?)

(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是:

主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of …。

如:The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys)。(三个男生中他跳得最高

篇2:重点语法知识讲解

eg.

Tell him which class you are in 。

Do you know what he likes?

注:

(1)主、从句时态一致:

主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时;

He answered that he was listening to me.

主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需;

eg. He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.

They know (that) he is working hard.

具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时;

eg.He told me that he was born in 1980.

Father told me that practice makes perfect 。

(2)否定前移,及完成反意问句

在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致。(注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称)

eg. I don‘t think you are right ,are you ?

I don‘t believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?

(3)运用虚拟语气的情况

在表示:

建议 suggest 、advise、propose;

要求demand 、desire、request;

决定 decide;

命令 order、command、require;

坚决主张 insist;

篇3:重点语法知识讲解

一、对词类的讲解

在日常学习中, 学生会碰到各种词类, 如名词、代词、冠词等。学生对此往往分不太清, 下面我以名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词为例作一介绍。

名词:名, 即名称, 因此名词是用来表明人或事物名称的词。如:动物的名字是rabbit, 因此rabbit就是一个名词。

代词:代, 即代替, 它主要用来代替名词或名词性结构, 所以代词就是代替名词或名词性结构的一些词语。这种解释不仅帮助学生理解了什么是代词, 也能帮其区分名词与代词。如:I bought a new bike yesterday.I like it very much.句中it代替的是a new bike, 故it为代词。

冠词:冠, 其含义为帽子, 它是名词的帽子, 总是放在名词前, 当然, 形容词也偶尔借来一用。如:This is a desk.句中冠词a放在了名词desk之前。The old should be taken good care of.句中冠词the放在了形容词old之前。

形容词:“形容”, 在汉语中还可理解为“描述”, 它被用来描述某个物体的大小、形状、性能等, 因此形容词就是描述修饰事物大小、颜色、性能等方面的词, 如:a big brown desk短语中big、brown是对desk的大小、颜色进行描述的, 它们就都是形容词。

副词:副, 即副手, 它是形容词的副手, 用来修饰描述形容词所不能修饰的动词、形容词和副词, 它和形容词一起修饰了英语中几乎所有需要被修饰的词或结构, 这也就是为什么一般情况下无论从词形或用法上它都与形容词有着一定的联系。

二、对句子成分的讲解

在一个句子里, 有各种不同的句子成分在起着不同的作用, 如主语、谓语、定语等。许多同学对此十分困惑, 根本搞不懂这么多的成分究竟有何不同。鉴于主语、谓语和宾语理解起来相对较为简单, 在此我就不再介绍, 仅以定语、状语及补语 (特别是宾语补足语) 作一示例。

定语:定, 就是限定, 定语, 也就是在句中起修饰限定作用的部分, 需要注意的是它主要被用来修饰限定句中名词、代词或名词性结构。

状语:状, 指状况, 状语, 是用来描述动作发生的一些状况, 如动作是在什么时间、什么地点、什么原因、什么条件下, 以什么方式发生, 因此, 也就出现了时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语等。

补语:补, 即补充, 补语, 就是对句中某一部分进行补充说明的成分。若这部分是用来补充说明宾语的, 则称为宾语补足语。如:We should keep our classroom clean.句中keep是谓语, our classroom是宾语, 主谓宾结构译为“我们应该保持教室”, 很明显此时语意不完整, 我们不知道保持教室怎样, 而clean来补充说明完整, 这时形容词clean就是宾语classroom的补语, 称为宾语补足语。

如果学生分清了这些主语、定语、表语、状语等成分, 再去理解主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等也就变得简单了。所谓主语从句, 即主语部分是由句子充当的, 而不是词或短语, 这时称为主语从句。以此类推, 用句子充当宾语即为宾语从句, 用句子充当定语即定语从句, 用句子充当什么成分即为什么从句 (但要注意无谓语从句, 因谓语只能用动词充当) 。

篇4:重点语法知识讲解

◆in order to 为了……

课文原句:In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he calls Wilson.

In order to后接动词原形,多在句中作状语,表目的。这个词组经常和so as to放在一起考查,所以一定要弄清二者的区别与联系。In order to 和so as to 都表示“为了”,都作目的状语,都有时态和语态的变化:其一般现在时或将来时的主动语态为to do;完成时态则用to have done;一般现在时和完成时的被动语态则分别用to be done和to have been done。二者的区别在于:so as to一般不放于句首,而in order to 放在句首、句中和句尾均可。

真题演练:

All these gifts must be mailed immediately ____ in time for Christmas. (2005辽宁)

A. in order to have received

B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received

D. so as to be receiving

解析:本题考查的是in order to和so as to作目的状语时的语态。很明显句中“礼物是被收到的”,应使用被动语态,而A、B、D三个选项都不是被动语态,只有C选项正确。整句话的意思是:所有这些礼物必须马上寄出去,以便(收件人)圣诞节时能及时收到。

◆should have done 本应做(某事)

课文原句:He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.

Should have done表示“本来应该做某事但实际没有做”,含有责备的意味。在这里的意思是:他认识到他本来应该多关心他的朋友,但事实上他没有做到。其否定形式shouldn't have done则表示“本不该做某事,却做了”,如:I feel sick. I shouldn't have eaten a lot. (我觉得难受。我本不应该吃那么多)。此外,情态动词may/must/can后接完成时态,也可表推测,如:have done表示对过去的推测;may have done表示过去可能做了某事;must have done表示过去肯定做了某事,语气较may have done更为肯定;can't have done表示过去不可能做了某事。使用时一定要注意区分。

真题演练:

Mr. White ____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. (2004全国)

A. should have arrived B. should arrive

C. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving

解析:本题考查的就是should have done的用法,这句话的意思是:怀特先生本来八点半就应该到会场的,但是他没有出现。整句话用的是一般过去时态,表示过去应该做某事,但实际上没做,用should have done暗含一定的责备意味,选A。

◆so... that + 从句如此……以至于……

课文原句:Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.

这是结果状语从句最典型的句型之一,原文中定语从句的意思是:他这么忙,很少有时间和朋友们交流。其实在高考中经常考到的结果状语从句除了such... that,还有so...that。二者引导结果状语从句有所不同,要注意区分。

So引导的结果状语从句有:

1) So + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + that从句,如:He is so good a student that all teachers like him. 他是这么好的一个学生,所有的老师都喜欢他。

2) So + many/much/few/little(表数量) + 复数可数名词或不可数名词 + that从句,如:There is so much water in the bucket that he can hardly lift it out of the well. 桶里有这么多水,他几乎无法从井里把水提上来。

Such引导的结果状语从句有:

1) Such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that从句,如:It was such a moving film that he burst into tears. 这部电影如此感人,他的眼泪夺眶而出。

2) Such + 形容词 + 名词复数/不可数名词 + that从句,如:It's such fine weather that most of us want to go on an outing. 天气这么好,我们大多数人都想出去玩。

总之,判断到底是由so还是由such引导结果状语从句,关键是要抓住紧接so/such后的词是形容词(副词)还是由形容词修饰的名词,前者用so引导,后者由such引导。

真题演练:

We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海)

A. a rush so anxious

B. a such anxious rush

C. so an anxious rush

D. such an anxious rush

解析:本题考查的就是so和such引导的结果状语从句,要注意so和such后面的语序,so后面紧接形容词构成so + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数,而such后的语序则为:such+ a/an + adj. + n.,只有D选项的语序是正确的,符合语法结构。

[Unit 2]

◆except for 除了……以外

课文原句:In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language.

Except for 意思是“除了”,后面一般接名词。在这句话中,except for后面的those指代的是香港学生。Except for从“中国学生”这个整体中排除了“香港学生”这部分。 但“those”一般指代较近的名词,所以这句话最好改为“English is learnt as a foreign language by all the chinese students at school, except for those...”

在高考题中,要区分四个表示“除了”的词:except/but/besides/except for。Except/but用法相同,表示“除了……以外”,用于同类事物的排除,后面可接名词、介词短语或that从句,如:We have lessons every day except/but Sunday. (除了周日,我们每天都有课)。Except for是从整体中排除,但排除的是不同类的事物,后面接名词,如:I like your apartment except for the decoration. (我喜欢你的公寓,除了装修)。Besides意思是“除了……之外还有”,包括所排除的部分,后面多接名词,如:She helps to cook and wash besides looking after the child. (她除了要照看小孩,还要帮着做饭和洗衣)。

真题演练:

The suit fitted him well ____ the color was a little brighter. (2005 上海)

A. except for B. except that

C. except when D. besides

解析:本题考查的是except和besides的用法,空格后面是一个完整句子the color was a little brighter,只有except后面可以接that从句,besides不可以接从句,因此只有B选项正确。同样,A选项错在except for后面多接名词,不接句子。

◆come about 出现,发生,产生

课文原句:How did this difference come about?

Come about表示“出现”或“产生”时,相当于happen,是一个不及物动词,后面一般不接宾语。与come有关的词组还有很多,如:come across突然想起来,偶遇;come along一起来,跟着来;come back回来,苏醒;come by从旁走过,得到。

真题演练:

It's already 10 o'clock, I wonder how it ____ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. (2006 湖北)

A. came overB. came out

C. came aboutD. came up

解析:本题考查的就是come组成的短语。根据题意:现在已经十点了,我想知道她怎么走如此短的路程要迟到两个小时。How it come about意思是“怎么发生的?”“怎么可能?”;come about作不及物动词,相当于“happen”,表示偶然发生;it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。其余几项意思分别为:come over过来,顺便来访;come out结果是,出版;come up 走近,显现,出现,均不符合题意。选C。

[Unit 3]

◆see sb. off 为某人送行

课文原句:Is anybody seeing you off?

See sb. off 意思是“为某人送行”,如果sb. 是代词,则放在see和off之间;如果sb. 是名词,则既可放在see和off之间,也可放于off之后。易混淆的词组有see about(料理)、see to(照料)。

真题演练:

John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ____ him ___ at the airport. (2005 广东)

A. send away B. leave off

C. see offD. show around

解析:根据语境暗示:约翰明天就要离开伦敦了,那我去机场自然应该是送他。为某人送行用see off。A选项是“派遣,打发”之意;B选项是“从……中去除”,D选项的意思是“带领某人参观”,均不符合题意。选C。

◆unless引导的条件状语从句

课文原句:You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.

Unless意为“除非,如果不”,引导条件状语从句,相当于“If...not...”,后接表示条件的句子,且所接的句子要用肯定形式(不能用包含not的双重否定),翻译为“如果不……就不……”,或者“除非……才能……”,如:You will miss the bus unless you get up early. (除非你早点儿起床,你才能赶上公交车)。另外,这句话中的should表示一种警戒或劝告。

真题演练:

We won't keep winning games ____ we keep playing well. (2006 浙江)

A. becauseB. unless

C. when D. while

解析:本题考查的是连词的用法。根据语境,这句话要表达的意思是:如果不继续好好打下去,我们就不会在比赛中一直赢。“如果不……就不……”,应选用B项unless,引导条件状语从句。Because引导原因状语从句;when多引导时间状语从句;while多引导时间状语从句或让步状语从句,均不符合题意。

◆that引导的同位语从句

课文原句:The name "whitewater" comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.

That引导的同位语从句多作fact/news/explanation等抽象名词的同位语,即that后面用一个完整的句子来说明前面那个名词的具体内容,此时,that在句子中不作任何成分且不可省略。需要注意的是,that也可以引导定语从句。判断that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句,要看that在从句中是否作成分:如果没作成分则引导的是同位语从句,如果作成分则引导的是定语从句。同时还需注意:that引导定语从句时,若作从句的主语则不可省,但作从句的宾语时,可省。

真题演练:

Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (2004上海春)

A. which B. thatC. whatD. whether

篇5:托福基础语法知识讲解

先说说被动语态的结构,其基本结构为:be+动词的过去分词。其与主动语态在形式上的特征是选择使用哪一种语态的必备常识,也是解题的一种手段。

被动语态区别于主动语态的是谓语动词必须是及物动词且之后绝大多数不能够再接宾语,只有极少数可以接双宾语的动词,像consider, give, call, name等就可以,比如像:She was considered a genius in painting.

小编提醒:在托福考试的改错题中,如果在被动句里面,动词(除了上面提到的接双宾语的动词)的被动式后面出现宾语,那么在这里绝对是有错误的,可将其改为主动句,但是同样的,在主动句里面,如果及物动词后面没有宾语,此处肯定也是错误的,可以将其改为被动句。

其实大家可以将by视为被动语态的标志词,在by之后的名词短语是句子中动作的施动者,因此在题目中如果见到by+名词的结构的时候,最优先考虑的就是被动式,比如像:The book was written by Mark Twain.

小编提醒:在by的后面如果接的是动名词,那么其表示为方式、手段就不能将其视为被动式的标志了,并且此时的谓语应该用主动式,如:He passed the exam by cheating.而对于know来讲,一般都是用be known to,而不用be know by。有点迷糊?没事,我们照例来例题解析:

例:The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged --- to produce The desired blend of contributor from The various himself to sections.

(A) the conductor of

(B) from the conductor

(C) the conductor and

(D) by the conductor

解析:在题目中,如果不要空白处的话,句子也是很完整的,我们可以清楚的看到空格后的不定式短语表目的,那么可能填入的是arrange的施动者,自然此处应该用by来引导,A选项中of不能接不定式,C选项不能在被动式后面接宾语,所以选D。

大家都知道被动语态由助动词be加上过去分词构成,因此它也会有不同的时态,其时态主要通过助动词be来表现,在其中,对过去进行时的表示方法大家要留意啊。比如像:The potatoes are being peeled in The machine.当然还有其他的时态,像:

The table has just been cleaned.(现在完成时)

His passport had been changed without His notice.(过去完成时)

The press conference will be held in three weeks.(一般将来时)

这个我们方便大家理解,就直接上例题解析:

例:Experiment in the photography of moving objects --in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.

(A) have had been conducting

(B) were conducting

(C) had been conducted

(D) being conducted

解析:在这个句子中缺少谓语,conduct是及物动词,因此后面如果没有宾语的话,基于此,A和B首先接被排除了,D的分词是不能单独作谓语的,所以选C。

托福语法实例讲解:不定代词

一、比较both 和All

Both,either,neither都是在谈到两个人或者东西的时候用到

Both of them are right. (他们两个人都对)

You can take either book.(两本书你可以任意挑一本)

Neither of them is going to get haircut. (他们俩谁也不愿意理发)

All of the books are worth to read. (三本书以上)

None of them is going to get haircut. (them指三个人以上)

I like any of them. (them指三个人以上)

二、None 和no

None和no都用于否定的意思。但是None是“没有一个人或者没有一个东西”,在句子中可以用作主语、宾语、同位语等。而No是“没有”的意思,只能够当作形容词用,不能够作代词用。

None of them knew how to do it. (不能够说no of them)

No women are allowed to come in.

三、another,the other,others,the others

1.在涉及到两个人或者东西的时候,任意取一个用one,另外那个用the other(表示特指)

I have two computers; one is IBM,the other is Dell.

2.涉及到三个以上时,任意取一个用one,泛指另外一个用another

Three people went to the meeting. One was a software programmer,another was a network expert, and the third was a college student.

3.涉及到三个以上时,任意取一个用one,表示特指其他的那些用the others或者用

the other+名词

Two of them go to Canada,the others go to America.

(他们中两个人去了加拿大,其他人去了美国)

篇6:初中语文语法知识点讲解

为了简化关于句法成分的内容,通常只提主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。这六种句法成分,在词组里是词组成分,在句子里是句子成分。

(一)主语

1.主语的类型

主语表示陈述的对象,能回答“谁”或“什么”之类的问题。从语义关系上看,主语可以是动作的施事、受事、工具、范围、时间、处所等。例如:

他吃了西瓜(施事) 西瓜被他吃掉了(受事)

那个筐子啊,只能装白菜(工具) 采访工作,他的经验很丰富(范围)

以前发生过这样的事(时间) 墙上挂着一幅画(处所)

从构成材料上看,主语可以由名词性词语充当,也可以由动词性词语充当。

①最常见的是名词性词语(特别是名词)充当主语。例如:

A.老师马上就到 B.中国人民有自己的民族自尊心和自豪感

C.我借来一台录音机 D.三个人坐一条凳

E.九是三的三倍 F.一斤等于十两

② 其次是动词性词语作主语,其谓语一般是形容词,或是由“是”“使”等非动作性动词构成的词组。例如:

A.说说容易,做起来就难了 B.开车不容易

C.干净最重要 D.坚持说英语很有必要

E.谦逊是一种美德 F.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。

③ 时间主语和处所主语

时间名词、处所名词跟一般人物名词(包括代名词,下同)一样,也可作主语。如:

A.小王去了深圳(人物名词作主语)

B.昨天来了一位新老师(时间名词作主语)

篇7:英语语法知识讲解:副词的位置

副词主要修饰动词和形容词。就像形容词给名词增添许多性质、特征、类别等丰富内容一样,副词给动词和形容词增添十分丰富的关于速度、频率、程度、方式、时间等方面的信息,所以语言有了形容词和副词,描述和描绘功能就大大增强。

副词的句法作用

副词主要是作状语,有少数可以作表语、宾补和后置定语。

副词的位置

副词主要是作状语,有少数可以作表语、宾补和后置定语。

1.修饰全句的副词一般只放在句首

Undoubtedly, he made a mistake.

无疑,他犯了一个错误。

Luckily, they survived the severe winter.

幸运的是,他们熬过了寒冬。

2.表示频率、否定和部分表示程度的副词放在谓语前

1)如果谓语是一个实义动词,则放在实义动词前。

They usually come rather early.

他们通常来得相当早。

No one really likes spiders and bats.

没人真喜欢蜘蛛和蝙蝠。

2)如果谓语第一个是助动词(或者情态动词),则副词放在助动词之后。

She is often late.

她常迟到。

We will surely come back.

我们将一定回来。

Robbie can never run very fast.

罗比比来不能跑很快。

3.表示地点、方式、时间的副词作状语大多数放在句尾,也可以放在句首,不过放在句首往往带强调口气。

We have many new friends here.

我们在这有很多新朋友。

They will call back tomorrow.

他们将明天回电话。

=Tomorrow they will call back. (强调tomorrow)

Mary packed the gift carefully.

玛丽小心地包好礼物。

篇8:重点语法知识讲解

◆must have done过去肯定做了(某事)

课文原句:Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.

此句意思为推测“水那时应该有三米深”。注意句中must的用法。情态动词must在肯定句中可以表示推测,must be 结构是对现在事实的推测,例如:You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦工作了一整天,一定累了。而must have done结构,则是对过去事实有把握的推测。例如:I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,想必是睡着了。

真题演练:

This cake is very sweet. You _____a lot of sugar in it. (2005辽宁)

A. should put B. could have put

C. might put D. must have put

解析:本题考查的是must表示对过去事实有把握的推测。蛋糕现在很甜,因此,可以推断在过去做蛋糕的时候,放了许多糖。因此,答案选D。

◆ a large number of 许多的,大量的

课文原句:A great part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings burnt down.

此句意思为“城市大部分被摧毁,大量建筑被烧毁”。句中包含一个常用的短语:a large number of(许多的,大量的)。这一短语是在“a number of”的基础上变换而来的。学习“a number of”时,要注意和“the number of”区分:

1) “A number of”的意思是“若干”或“许多”,相当于some或a lot of,和复数名词连用,其谓语动词要用复数;在表示数量的多少时,可用great、large、good、small等来修饰number,构成短语:a great/large/good number of(许多的……)和a small number of(很少的……)。例如:

· I can think of a number of ways to carry out this plan.

· A great number of middle school students are becoming interested in studying abroad.

· Only a small number of girls dare to do this.

2) “The number of”意思是“……的数目”。这个短语也要后接复数名词,但由于“the number”才是句子的真正主语,所以它的谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

· The number of the students in our class is 46.

真题演练:

As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ___________ rising these days. (2006全国卷Ⅱ)

A. was keepingB. keep

C. keeps D. were keeping

解析:The number of cars表示“小汽车的数目”,主语的中心词是“the number”,是单数,所以谓语动词也要用单数。同时,“these days”表明是现在的一种状态,句子应为一般现在时,因此应填keeps,选C。

Unit 5

◆couldn't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事

课文原句: While watching the Titanic, most people couldn't help crying when it came to the scene in which Jack saves the life of the girl but died in icy water himself.

此句意思为“当看《泰坦尼克号》时,大多数人看到杰克为了挽救女孩的生命,自己却死在冰冷的水里这一幕时,都禁不住哭了”。 Couldn't /can't help doing sth.,译为“情不自禁做某事”。

注意:couldn't /can't help (sb.)(to) do sth. 则表示“不能帮助做某事”。例如:

I'm sorry I can't help you to clean the room. 抱歉,我不能帮你打扫房间。

真题演练:

She can't help ____ the house because she's busy making a cake. (1997上海)

A. to clean

B. cleaning

C. cleaned

D. being cleaned

解析: 根据题意:“因为她忙着做蛋糕, 所以不能帮忙打扫房间”, 只能用can't help to do sth.(不能帮助做某事)。选A。

◆cause 造成

课文原句:He caused trouble for Minzhi almost every day.

此句意思为“他几乎每天都给Minzhi带来麻烦”。句中的cause是一个及物动词,译为“引起,导致,使发生”,常用句型为cause sb./sth. to do sth.“促使某人做某事,成为……的原因”。例如:

The drought caused the plants to die. 干旱导致植物枯萎。

What caused the traffic accident? 是什么引起交通事故的?

真题演练:

Millions of pounds' worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005重庆)

A. has been causedB. had been caused

C. will be causedD. will have been caused

解析:本题考查的是cause和时态的搭配。题干的意思是“昨晚横扫英国北部的一场暴风造成了价值数百万英镑的损失”。Cause在此表示“导致,造成”的意思,与主语是被动关系,题目又强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成了影响,因此用现在完成时态的被动语态。所以选A。

◆afford负担得起

课文原句:Minzhi wants to go to town, but she can't afford to buy a bus ticket.

此句意思为“Minzhi想去城里,却买不起汽车票”。句中的afford是一个及物动词,其主要用法如下:

1) 负担得起(……的费用;……的时间),常与can、could、be able to连用,表示“有足够的(时间、金钱等)条件(做某事)”。①afford+名词,例如:I can't afford the cost. 我付不起这钱。② afford to do sth. 例如:We can't afford to buy this new bike. 我们买不起新自行车。

2) (正式用语)供给,提供,给予 ① afford sth. 例如:The trees afford a pleasant shade. 这些树提供阴凉。② afford sb. sth./afford sth. to sb. 例如:Music afford us pleasure. 音乐使我们快乐。

真题演练:

That poor old people! All they can ____ is one meal for the two of them. (2007陕西)

A. afford B. pay

C. demand D. choose

解析:本题考查的是近义词辨析。Afford 表示担负得起,是及物动词,直接接宾语;pay译为付账,其句型为pay for sth.;demand译为“要求”;choose则是“选择”的意思。题干意思为“那可怜的穷人!他们两个人却只买得起一份饭。”所以选A。

Unit 6

◆ need 需要

课文原句: Although good manners always make you look good, you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.

此句意思:“尽管好的礼仪常使你看上去很有魅力,但与朋友和家人吃饭时,你不必在意这些规则。”此时,need用作实义动词,意为“需要”。Need还可用作情态动词。下面是它的具体用法:

1. 作情态动词时,常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。没有第三人称单数形式和过去式形式。构成疑问句时,将其移至句首;构成否定句时,直接在其后加not。例如:

I know the reason, so you need't try to explain. 我知道事情的原因,所以你不必解释。

2. 在肯定句中,常用作实义动词,构成疑问和否定需借助do(does/did),need后面常接带to的不定式。Need表示“需要”,且其主语是后面动词的宾语时,其后的动词既可用动名词一般形式表被动,也可用不定式的被动语态。例如:

The shirt needs washing. 衬衫该洗了。

真题演练:

You ______to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. (1991全国)

A. needn't to come

B. don't need come

C. don't need coming

D. needn't come

解析:本题考查的是need的用法。在否定句中表示“需要”的need,通常用做情态动词,直接与动词原形连用,其否定形式是在need后面直接加not。所以选D。

◆allow 允许

课文原句: It is allowed to use your hands when eating meat on bones.

此句意思是“啃骨头上的肉时,可以用手”。句中的allow是动词,意思是“允许”。它的常用结构为:allow to do sth.、allow doing sth.和 allow sb. to do sth.。例如:

We are allowed to enter the room. 我们可以进入房间。

They don't allow smoking in the meeting room. 他们不准在会议室抽烟。

He allowed me to close the door. 他允许我关门。

真题演练:

Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not _______ her to do so. (2006全国)

A. forbidB. allow

C. followD. ask

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